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采用数码照相、电镜扫描、联苯胺-过氧化氢测试及去雄套袋等技术手段,对烟台甜樱桃(Cerasus avium)花期不同发育阶段柱头的可授性、形态特征和坐果状况进行了观察。结果表明,烟台甜樱桃在套袋状态下,柱头可授期从开花前1天开始可持续5–7天。从杯状花期到花瓣平展期,柱头逐渐有乳突细胞破裂并呈现分泌液,出现渐强的可授性;从花瓣平展期到花瓣脱落期,柱头由暗黄渐变至暗黑,逐渐萎缩并丧失可授性。去雄套袋及人工授粉实验结果显示,在大蕾期、杯状花期、花瓣展放期、花瓣平展期和花瓣脱落期进行人工授粉,烟台甜樱桃的坐果率分别为60.50%、58.33%、62.08%、57.14%和39.13%。在自然条件下烟台甜樱桃的坐果率一般为30%–42%,传粉成功的最佳期主要发生在杯状花期至花瓣平展期。
The stigma receptivity, morphological characteristics and fruit setting were observed at different developmental stages of Cerasus avium in Yantai using digital photography, electron microscopy, benzidine-hydrogen peroxide test and bagging without bagging. The results showed that the stigma receptivity of sweet cherry in Yantai can be 5-7 days from one day before flowering when it is bagged. From cup flowering to petal flattening, the stigma gradually ruptured and showed secretion of mastoid cells, with an increasing receptivity; from petal flat to petal exfoliation, the stigma gradually changed from dark yellow to dark, and gradually atrophied and lost Can be granted. The results of artificial bagging and artificial pollination showed that the fruit setting rate of sweet cherry in Yantai was 60.50% and 58.33% respectively in artificial budding stage, such as big bud stage, goblet stage, petal stage, petal stage and petal shed stage, 62.08%, 57.14% and 39.13%. The fruit setting rate of sweet cherry in Yantai is generally 30% -42% under natural conditions. The best stage of pollination success occurs mainly in goblet to petal spreading.