【摘 要】
：
研究了辽河减渣四组分在微型高压釜内中临氮热裂化、临氢热裂化和临氢催化加氢反应,考察了供氢剂或供氘剂对上述反应的影响.结果表明,临氮热裂化时沥青质是大量生焦的物种,胶
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研究了辽河减渣四组分在微型高压釜内中临氮热裂化、临氢热裂化和临氢催化加氢反应,考察了供氢剂或供氘剂对上述反应的影响.结果表明,临氮热裂化时沥青质是大量生焦的物种,胶质的生焦能力不显著,芳香分、饱和分不生焦;临氢热裂化沥青质生焦量减少,胶质很少生焦,芳香分和饱和分不生焦;临氢催化加氢时,辽河减渣四组分在临氢反应基础之上,生焦量进一步降低.辽河减渣四组分在临氮热裂化、临氢热裂化和临氢催化加氢过程中添加供氢剂或供氘剂后,生焦反应得到显著抑制,相比之下供氢剂的作用更为明显.三种氢源都具有抑制渣油四组分缩合或缩聚反应的作用.渣油四组分从供氢剂或供氘剂中获得氢(氘)的能力不同,沥青质>胶质>芳香分≈饱和分.就同一组分而言,供氢剂或供氘剂的表观供氢(氘)率随反应条件不同而不同,临氮热裂化> 临氢热裂化>临氢催化加氢过程.供氢剂与供氘剂在所有的过程中都存在明显的动力学效应,并且这个动力学效应随加工环境的不同而变化,在临氮热裂化过程中动力学同位素效应明显.在临氢热裂化过程,尤其是催化加氢裂化过程中动力学效应逐渐变得不明显.2 H-NMR分析表明,氘代四氢萘的环烷环中的α位比β位的脱氢选择性高,氘代四氢萘脱氢选择性大小的顺序为:临氮热裂化>临氢热裂化>临氢催化加氢过程.
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