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历史上看,西方哲学可以划分为古代本体论哲学、近代知识论哲学和现代语言哲学三个阶段。西方在苏格拉底和柏拉图之前的古代本体论阶段,哲学的概念和范畴等主要属于原始的形上学和自然哲学;以苏格拉底和柏拉图为界,欧洲哲学发生了巨大的转向和发展,伦理哲学和政治哲学开始兴起,作为一个哲学学科的“本体论”亦开始形成。在近代知识论哲学阶段,哲学学说大多属于知识学。而在现代语言哲学阶段,哲学的对象被归结为了对逻辑语言或日常语言的分析,一切哲学问题都被归结为了语言问题。三个阶段的西方哲学各有特点,并各有其独特的对象、中心区域和重点论题,区别极其明显,甚至可以说,区别是重大的,甚至是原则性的。但西方哲学的不同发展阶段之间又是密切联系的。
Historically, Western philosophy can be divided into three stages: ancient ontology philosophy, modern epistemology philosophy and modern language philosophy. In the stage of ancient ontology in the West before Socrates and Plato, the concepts and categories of philosophy mainly belonged to the primitive metaphysics and natural philosophy; to Socrates and Plato, the great turn and development of European philosophy, ethics Philosophical and political philosophy began to rise, as a philosophical discipline “ontology ” also began to form. In the philosophical stage of modern epistemology, most of philosophical doctrines belong to knowledge science. At the stage of modern language philosophy, the object of philosophy is attributed to the analysis of logical language or everyday language, and all the philosophical problems are attributed to language problems. The three stages of Western philosophy have their own characteristics, each with its own distinct objects, central regions and key topics. The distinctions are extremely obvious. It can even be said that the differences are significant and even principle. However, the different stages of development of Western philosophy are closely linked.