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表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)是一种基于拉曼散射原理识别生物及化学分子的分析方法。SERS具有灵敏度高、水干扰小、分辨率高、稳定性好等优点,广泛应用于生物分析和生物医学研究领域。近年来,SERS技术在基因分析领域得到迅速的发展,成为国内外研究的热点。本文对应用于基因分析的一些最新SERS技术(包括基因的免标记检测和标记检测)进行较为全面的综述,着重介绍了免标记检测中基于金属纳米粒子和针尖增强拉曼散射的SERS技术,标记检测中基于拉曼活性物、PCR技术、分子信标、基底和标记物的SERS信号放大技术,并概括了基因多组分检测技术及SERS技术的应用前景。
Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) is a method of analyzing biological and chemical molecules based on Raman scattering theory. SERS has the advantages of high sensitivity, small water disturbance, high resolution and good stability, and is widely used in the field of biological analysis and biomedical research. In recent years, SERS technology has been rapidly developed in the field of genetic analysis, becoming a hot spot at home and abroad. In this review, we reviewed some of the latest SERS techniques for gene analysis, including gene-free label detection and label detection. The SERS technique based on metal nanoparticle and needle-tip enhanced Raman scattering in label-free detection was highlighted. SERS signal amplification technology based on Raman-actives, PCR, molecular beacons, substrates and markers in the detection and the application prospect of multi-component detection technology and SERS technology.