论文部分内容阅读
[目的]探讨安阳市麻疹流行特征,为有效控制麻疹提供科学依据。[方法]采用描述性流行病学方法对安阳市1982～2007年麻疹监测资料进行分析。[结果]1982～2007年共报告麻疹28 546例,年均发病率22.44/10万,死亡42例,病死率0.15%。整个发病趋势呈从高到低而后回升,分为3个阶段,第1阶段形成2个高峰之后,持续下降,1987～1988年形成一个低谷,1989年开始回升,一直到1996年基本走平,1997年开始下降,随后每隔1～2年上升1次。安阳市所辖九县(市)区均有病例报告,个别县(市)区发病率较高。发病季节集中在1～5月;1990～2007年人群分布男女性别比为1.26︰1;7岁以下儿童占73.33%;散居儿童占总数的57.34%;2000～2007年病例有明确免疫史者仅为41.75%;IgM抗体阳性率70.30%。[结论]应加强麻疹疫苗常规免疫接种并提高接种质量,重点加强薄弱地区和薄弱环节的工作,适时在目标人群中开展强化免疫,消除免疫空白点,提高整个人群免疫水平,加强学龄前儿童及外来流动人口的免疫预防管理。
[Objective] To explore the epidemic characteristics of measles in Anyang City and provide a scientific basis for effective control of measles. [Methods] Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the surveillance data of measles from 1982 to 2007 in Anyang. [Results] A total of 28 546 measles cases were reported from 1982 to 2007, with an average annual incidence of 22.44 / 100 000, 42 deaths and a case fatality rate of 0.15%. The whole disease trend showed a rise from high to low and then rose back into three stages. After the first peak was formed in two peaks, the trend continued to decline. A depression was formed between 1987 and 1988 and began to recover in 1989. It was basically flattened in 1996, Decline began in 1997, then every 1 to 2 years up 1 time. All counties (cities) under the jurisdiction of Anyang City have reported cases, and the incidence of individual counties (cities) is higher. The incidence season concentrated in January to May; 1990 ~ 2007 population distribution of male to female ratio was 1.26: 1; children under 7 years accounted for 73.33%; scattered children accounted for 57.34% of the total number of 2000-2007 cases with a clear history of immunization only 41.75%; IgM antibody positive rate of 70.30%. [Conclusion] The routine immunization of measles vaccine should be strengthened and the quality of vaccination should be strengthened. The work in weak areas and weak areas should be strengthened, and the target population should be strengthened to eliminate immunization blank spots, raise the immune level of the whole population, strengthen the pre-school children and the external Immune Prevention Management of Floating Population.