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[目的]分析二倍体野生种草莓的核型,为探讨草莓的起源、进化及遗传育种研究提供依据。[方法]对草莓属(Fragaria)植物4个二倍体种森林草莓(F.vescaL.)、纤细草莓(F.gracilis A.Los.)、黄毛草莓(F.nilgerrensis Schidl)和五叶草莓(F.pentaphylla A.Los.)进行了核型分析。[结果]纤细草莓的核型为2n=2x=14=10m+2sm+2m*,属1B类型;黄毛草莓为2n=2x=14=14m,属1A类型;五叶草莓为2n=2x=14=12m+2sm,属1A类型;森林草莓为2n=2x=14=14m,属1A类型。[结论]草莓二倍体及品种核型对称性为:黄毛草莓>森林草莓>五叶草莓>纤细草莓,供试草莓种的新缘进化顺序可能为黄毛草莓、森林草莓、五叶草莓、纤细草莓。
[Objective] The purpose of the study was to analyze the karyotypes of diploid wild strawberry and to provide basis for exploring the origin, evolution and genetic breeding of strawberry. [Method] Four species of Fragaria plants such as F.vescaL., F.gracilis A.Los., F. nilgerrensis Schidl and five leaf strawberry (F. pentaphylla A.Los.) For karyotyping. [Result] The karyotype of slender strawberry was 2n = 2x = 14 = 10m + 2sm + 2m *, which belonged to 1B genotype. Rutaceae was 2n = 2x = 14 = 14 = 12m + 2sm, belonging to 1A type; forest strawberry is 2n = 2x = 14 = 14m, belonging to 1A type. [Conclusion] The karyotype symmetry of strawberry diploid and cultivars was yellow strawberries> forest strawberries> five-leaf strawberries> slender strawberries. The new order of evolution of strawberry varieties could be yellow-haired strawberry, forest strawberry, , Slender strawberry.