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黑格尔声称普遍历史是世界精神在现实历史中合乎理性的展开过程,但以奥斯维辛为代表的社会政治灾难使得阿多诺无法再相信黑格尔受启蒙思想改装的神正论。阿多诺指出了普遍历史的前进过程中充满了普遍对个体的暴力与个体的种种牺牲。基于这种为死难者诉求的立场及现实的苦难作为否定辨证法的动力,阿多诺强调了黑格尔普遍历史中被毁灭生活所代表的非同一性,从而彻底化了普遍与个体的辩证关系。
Hegel claims that universal history is the process of rational development of the world spirit in the realistic history. However, the socio-political disaster represented by Auschwitz made it impossible for Adorno to trust Hegel’s orthodox doctrine modified by the Enlightenment thought. Adorno pointed out that the progress of universal history is fraught with widespread personal violence and individual sacrifices. Adorno emphasized the impetus of the dialectics of negation based on this position of appealing for the victims and the reality of misery. Adorno emphasized the non-identity represented by the destroyed life in Hegel’s universal history, thus thoroughly dialectic of generality and individuality relationship.