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波兰著名社会学家齐格蒙特·鲍曼于20世纪80年代提出的社会世界转型理论,集中阐述了流动的现代性时期的道德和伦理。基于当代人的道德特征,他认为,在流动的现代性时期,没有长期的目标,没有固定的标准,没有绝对的价值,没有母庸置疑的啄则,一切皆是是流动的,正如液体一般。基于对个体道德冲动的肯定,他提出了一套与全球化相适应的伦理框架。其中包含两种基本的规范,即对他者的责任和自我约束。此规范既可保证个体之独立与自由,同时能够促进道德共同体的产生。鲍曼的伦理学中存在着一定的矛盾:尽管他强调道德准则不是普遍有效的,但也预设了某种普遍有效的绝对价值;他警告人们要警惕乌托邦,却叉设定了一个基于团结的理想社会:他给予伦理规范以优先性,同时认为道德冲动是最终动因。
The sociopolitical transformation theory put forward by the famous Polish sociologist Sigmund Bowman in the 1980s focused on the ethics and ethics during the modern period of mobility. Based on the moral character of the present generation, he believes that in the modern period of mobility, there are no long-term goals, no fixed norms, no absolute values, and no unbridled pecking. Everything is flowing, just as liquids . Based on the affirmation of individual moral impulses, he proposed a set of ethical frameworks that fit with globalization. It contains two basic norms, namely the responsibility to others and self-restraint. This norm can not only ensure individual independence and freedom, but also promote the emergence of moral community. Bauman’s ethics has certain contradictions: Although he emphasizes that moral norms are not universally effective, they also presuppose some universally valid absolute value. He warned people to be vigilant against utopia, but set a new goal based on solidarity Of the ideal society: he gave priority to ethical norms, at the same time that moral impulse is the ultimate motivation.