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作为圣经译者,清代中叶来华传教士贺清泰、马礼逊与其后的《委办本》、《和合本》圣经的译者不约而同,都曾借助西方古典修辞学三体说的分类模式,将中文书面语划分为高、中、低三体。这是因为,传教士译者翻译圣经之始,关切的首要问题往往是用什么样的中文翻译这部素有“众书之书”之谓的基督宗教经典,以确保其中的“圣言”得以忠实传达,使信仰有本可依。从此问题出发,来华传教士结合西方修辞学知识,用修辞三体“格义连类”中文世界,在高、中、低修辞三体与文言、浅文言、白话三种书面语层次之间构建出一一对应的关系。传教士的圣经汉译实践为三体说流入中国提供了契机,正是藉由圣经汉译,贺清泰、马礼逊等人方把源自西方的修辞三体说引入中国,并用以划分汉语书面语系统。尽管经此迻译,三体说的内容业已衍变,但它仍然为传教士译者了解与把握中文提供了方便,并且逐渐转化为他们共享的知识资源,进而反向影响到圣经汉译的过程。
As a translator of the Bible, He Qingtai and Morrison, the missionaries who came to China in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, and the subsequent translators of the “Commissioning Scriptures” and “Hehe Scriptures” invariably used the classification mode of the three classical theories of Western rhetoric , The Chinese written language is divided into high, medium and low body. This is because the chief concern of the translators who translated the Bible at the beginning of the Bible was often to translate the Chinese version of this Christian religious scripture entitled “The Book of the Public Books” to ensure that “ Holy Word ”to be faithfully conveyed, so that there is a credible faith. From this point of view, the missionaries in China combined the rhetorical knowledge of the West with the rhetorical trisomics, “Gelan Lianzui”, and the Chinese world. In the three types of high, medium and low rhetorical structures and the written language of classical Chinese, shallow classical Chinese and vernacular Build a one-to-one correspondence between. The missionary’s practice of translating the Bible into Chinese has provided an opportunity for the three-body theory to flow into China. It is through the translation of the Bible that He Qingtai and Morrison introduced the three-dimensional rhetoric from the West into China and used it to divide Chinese Written language system. Although the content of the three-body theory has been changed by this translation, it still provides convenience for missionary translators to understand and grasp Chinese, and gradually translates into their shared knowledge resources, which in turn adversely affects the process of Chinese translation .