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南极磷虾作为南极生态系统中的关键物种,在空间分布上常表现出集群特征.这也反映到磷虾渔业生产的空间格局特征上.为了探讨捕捞能力有明显差异的船队在高/低单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)的情况下空间点分布格局特征及其生态学效应,基于南极半岛北部海域的两艘中国南极磷虾渔船(船A为专业南极磷虾渔船,船B为在智利竹筴鱼渔场与南极磷虾渔场转换的兼作渔船)的磷虾渔业数据,从空间点格局的角度出发,分别从两船的高、低CPUE的空间点格局在不同尺度上聚集特征,高、低CPUE在不同尺度上的二元点格局相关关系,以及CPUE点标记格局下的相关性关系等3个方面进行了分析.Ripley的L函数和标记相关函数分析结果表明:研究对象在空间窗口所有尺度上的空间格局均表现为聚集性,高、低CPUE下均有聚集发生;在15 km尺度上,聚集强度近最大,在15~50 km尺度下,聚集程度稳定;总体上点格局分布的聚集强度依次为:船A高CPUE>船B低CPUE>船B高CPUE>船A低CPUE.船A高、低CPUE在0~75 km尺度上为正相关关系,在大于75 km尺度上为随机关系;船B在所有尺度上的高、低CPUE均为正相关,说明了低CPUE点事件伴随高CPUE的点事件同步发生,两者在大部分尺度下均显著相关.这是磷虾集群模式的动态性和复杂性造成.船A各点的CPUE值在0~44 km尺度上呈正相关,在44~80 km尺度上呈负相关;船B各点的CPUE值在50~70 km尺度上呈负相关,在其他尺度上无显著相关性;正相关反映了磷虾密集集群的种群分布特性,而负相关表明了磷虾群间由于食物和空间原因存在一定的竞争关系.捕捞能力强的船A和捕捞能力较弱的船B在点格局分布上存在较大差异.专业南极磷虾渔船更适于开展磷虾作业空间点格局分析及相关科学调查工作.
As a key species in Antarctic ecosystem, Antarctic krill often exhibits cluster characteristics in spatial distribution, which is also reflected in the spatial pattern of fishery production in krill.In order to explore the relationship between high / low Based on the distribution pattern of space points and their ecological effects in the case of catching effort (CPUE), two Chinese Antarctic krill fishing vessels based on the northern Antarctic Peninsula (Vessel A is a professional Antarctic krill fishing vessel, Vessel B is The fishery data on krill converted from the bamboo catfish fishery in Chile and the fishery in the Antarctic krill showed that the characteristics of spatial distribution of high and low CPUE of two ships gathered at different scales from the perspective of spatial pattern, High and low CPUE on the two scales of different scales on the relationship between the pattern and the CPUE point marker pattern of the relationship between the three aspects were analyzed.Ripley’s L function and marker correlation function analysis results show that: The spatial pattern on all scales in the window is aggregated, and aggregates occur under high and low CPUE. At the 15 km scale, the aggregation intensity is the maximum, and at the scale of 15-50 km, the aggregation degree is stable In general, the aggregation intensity of point pattern distribution is as follows: ship A high CPUE> ship B low CPUE> ship B high CPUE> ship A low CPUE. The ship A high and low CPUE are positively correlated at the scale of 0 ~ 75 km , Which is a random relation on the scale of more than 75 km. The high and low CPUE of ship B at all scales are all positively correlated, which shows that the events of low CPUE coincide with the events of high CPUE. Both of them are in most scales Which is caused by the dynamics and complexity of the krill cluster model.The CPUE values at all points of the ship A are positively correlated at the scale of 0 to 44 km and negatively correlated at the scale of 44 to 80 km, The CPUE value was negatively correlated at the scale of 50-70 km and no significant correlation at other scales. The positive correlation reflected the population distribution characteristics of krill dense population, while the negative correlation indicated that there was food and space A certain competitive relationship.Fishing ability of the ship A and the fishing ability of the weaker ship B in the distribution of the spot pattern there is a big difference.Professional Antarctic krill fishing boats more suitable for krill operation space point pattern analysis and related scientific investigations .