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现行教材(必修、选修)将电容、电容器这部分教材分两个层次编入第二册和第三册,在实际教学中面临许多无法回避的问题,现将这些问题整理于后。 一、应该怎样定义电容器的电容? 电容是表征电容器容纳电荷的本领的物理量。第二册(必修)图1—8用两个盛水容器来类比电容器,将电容定义为:“使电容器的两极板间的电势差增加1伏所需要的电量”;第三册(选修)则说:“电容器所带的电量与两极间电势差之比叫做电容”。两种定义法的数学表达式分别为
The current teaching materials (required and optional) consist of two levels of capacitors and capacitors, which are divided into the second and third volumes. They face many unavoidable problems in practical teaching. These issues are now collated. First, how should the capacitance of the capacitor be defined? The capacitance is the physical quantity that characterizes the ability of the capacitor to hold the charge. Book 2 (required) Figure 1-8 uses two water containers to compare capacitors. Capacitance is defined as: “The amount of electricity needed to increase the potential difference between the two plates of the capacitor by 1 volt.” Book 3 (optional) Say: “The ratio of the amount of electric charge carried by a capacitor to the potential difference between two electrodes is called a capacitor.” The mathematical expressions of the two definition methods are