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由于合金中第二相和非金属夹杂物的存在往往会对合金的性能发生相当大的影响,因此对这些相进行各种分析已越来越引起人们的重视。本文首先扼要地介绍了目前相分析方面工作的发展情况;其次介绍了相的各种离析方法(机械提取法、提取复型法、化学离析法)和分离方法(机械法、磁性法、比重法、化学处理法);最后分别叙述了各种主要的相分析技术,其中包括用于形态学的研究(光学显微术、电子显微术、接触显微 X 射轻术、投射式 X 射栽显微术、显微自射线摄照术)、晶体学的研究(X 射线衍射、电子衍射、中子衍射)以及成分的分析(微区光谱分析、电子束 X 射线显微分析、残渣分析)。此外,还列举了若干实例。
Due to the existence of the second phase and the non-metallic inclusions in the alloy, the performance of the alloy tends to be influenced greatly. Therefore, various analyzes of these phases have drawn more and more attention. This article first briefly introduces the development of the current phase analysis work; followed by the introduction of a variety of phase separation methods (mechanical extraction, extraction complex method, chemical separation) and separation methods (mechanical, magnetic, , Chemical treatment method). Finally, the major phase analysis techniques are described separately, including the study of morphology (optical microscopy, electron microscopy, contact micro X-ray light, projection X-ray Microscopy, microscopic autoradiography), crystallographic studies (X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction, neutron diffraction) and compositional analysis (micro-area spectral analysis, electron beam X-ray microanalysis, . In addition, a few examples are listed.