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随着遗传科学的进展,对体细胞遗传效应研究已建立了程序化和标准化的测试手段,由于对人类生殖细胞研究起步较迟,而且多数研究从动物试验推及人或从体细胞结果推及生殖细胞。因此存在着较大的局限性。本文就药物和放射线等各种理化因子,对人精子染色体影响作一概述。1 精子染色体分析方法建立的回顾从 Yanagimachi 等(1976)建立了人精子穿透去透明带金黄地鼠卵的实验系统以来,Rudak(1978)成功地以体外异种受精、培养,使人精子染色体 DNA 受地鼠卵激活进入复制周期,在第一次卵裂时,使染色体停留于细胞分裂中期相染色体螺旋化、褶叠、浓缩,观察精子染色体,从而建立了人精子染色体研究的新方法。以后许多研究者几经改进、完善,在美国、加拿大,日本等几家实验室逐渐推广。我国从1987年黄天华等首次报道了此方法的制备技术。2 化学物质对人精子染色体影响Evans 指出人遗传的和后天的疾病所
With the progress of genetic science, programmed and standardized test methods have been established for the study of somatic hereditary effects. Since the research on human germ cells started relatively late, and most researches have been carried out from animal experiments to human or from somatic cell results Germ cells. So there is a big limitation. In this paper, a variety of physical and chemical factors such as drugs and radiation, on human sperm chromosomes make an overview. 1 Review of Establishment of Chromosome Analysis by Spermatozoa Since Yanagimachi et al. (1976) established an experimental system for human sperm penetration into the zona pellucida, we succeeded in in vitro fertilization and in vitro fertilization, in which human sperm chromosome DNA In the first cleavage, the chromosomes remain in the metaphase of the cell division. The chromosomes spiral, fold and concentrate, and the sperm chromosomes are observed. Thus, a new method for the study of human sperm chromosomes is established. After many researchers improved several times, improve, in the United States, Canada, Japan and other laboratories gradually promoted. China for the first time since 1987, Huang Tianhua reported the preparation of this method. 2 Chemical Effects on Human Sperm Chromosomes Evans points to human hereditary and acquired diseases