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本文研究了宽带光纤参量放大器（Fiber optical parametric amplifier，FOPA）中限制增益特性的因素。FOPA可以实现宽带宽（300 nm以上）和高增益（40 dB以上）放大。实际上，增益特性会受到布里渊阈值，零色散波动，偏振效应以及拉曼效应等因素的限制作用。数值仿真结果表明，布里渊阈值，零色散波动和偏振效应将会严重影响增益的大小，而拉曼效应则会决定所产生的平坦增益谱的最大带宽范围。“,”This paper mainly studies on the limitation factors for the gain characteristic of broadband fiber optical parametric amplifier (FOPA). FOPA can realize a broadband amplification (above 300 nm) and a high gain (above 40 dB). In fact, the gain characteristic is affected by Brillouin threshold, zero dispersion fluctuation, polarization and Raman effect. Numerical simulations show that the value of gain is mainly affected by the Brillouin threshold, zero dispersion fluctuation and polarization effect. And the maximum bandwidth of the flat gain spectrum is determined by the Raman effect.