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刑法分则第四章规定的“民主权利”与注释宪法学上的“政治权利”的内涵和外延相同。政治权利的本质是公民直接参与或者影响国家权力运作的权利,其直接对应的是国家权力而非社会权力等非国家权力。以法条排列顺序确定侵犯公民民主权利罪的范围是不可靠的。从宪法权利属性分析,只有报复陷害罪、破坏选举罪两罪属于侵犯公民民主权利罪。
The fourth chapter of the Criminal Law states that “democratic rights” are the same as the connotation and extension of the “political rights” in the constitutional law. The essence of political rights is the right of citizens to directly participate in or influence the operation of state power, which directly corresponds to non-state power such as state power rather than social power. It is unreliable to determine the extent of the crime of infringing the democratic rights of citizens on the basis of the legal order. From the analysis of the constitutional rights, only the two crimes of retaliation for fraudulent crimes and the destruction of election crimes belong to the crime of encroaching upon citizens’ democratic rights.