[目的]了解儿童佝偻病的现状及影响因素。[方法]对2008年6月至2009年6月在鄂州市妇幼保健院儿保门诊进行系统管理的663名3岁以下儿童进行问卷调查及佝偻病的诊断。[结果]3岁以下儿童佝偻病的检出率为23.4%(155/663),轻、中、重度分别占63.9%(99/155)、31.0%(48/155)、5.2%(8/155)。佝偻病与母孕期缺钙、出生状况、喂养方式、鱼肝油添加、光照时间、反复呼吸道感染和腹泻等因素有关;而与儿童是否居住在城区及是否有过敏性体质无关。[结论]儿童佝偻病以轻、中度较常见,且年龄小、检出率高;影响因素有母孕期缺钙、出生时体重轻及早产等;建议制定有效的干预措施,以早预防、早发现、早诊断和早治疗。 [Objective] To understand the status and influencing factors of children’s rickets. [Method] A total of 663 children under 3 years of age undergoing system management in the MCH clinic in Ezhou MCH from June 2008 to June 2009 were surveyed and the diagnosis of rickets was conducted. [Results] The detection rate of rickets in children under 3 years old was 23.4% (155/663), light, moderate and severe were 63.9% (99/155), 31.0% (48/155), 5.2% (8/155) ). Rickets is associated with calcium deficiency during pregnancy, birth status, feeding pattern, addition of cod-liver oil, light time, recurrent respiratory tract infections and diarrhea and other factors; but not with children living in urban areas and whether there is any allergic constitution. [Conclusion] The incidence of rickets in children is mild and moderate, with a small age and a high detection rate. Factors such as calcium deficiency in the first trimester, light weight at birth, premature delivery and so on. It is suggested that effective interventions be taken to prevent early Found, early diagnosis and early treatment.