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保肛手术治疗中下段直肠癌78例，手术已5年者49例，5年生存率为71．4％；49例中根治性切除术45例，5年生存率为77．8％。所有病人术后肛门括约肌功能恢复良好，疗效满意，肯定了保肛手术治疗中下段直肠癌的临床效果。影响保肛手术5年生存率的主要因素是：Dukes分期、肿瘤组织类型和肿瘤浸润肠管周径。掌握保肛手术适应证，规范手术要求是预防早期复发的重要因素。
Anus-sparing surgery was used to treat 78 cases of middle and lower rectal cancer. 49 cases had been treated for 5 years. The 5-year survival rate was 71.4%. In 49 cases, radical resection was performed in 45 cases. The 5-year survival rate was 77.8%. All patients had good postoperative anal sphincter function and satisfactory results, confirming the clinical effect of sphincter preserving surgery for middle and lower rectal cancer. The main factors affecting the 5-year survival rate of sphincter preserving surgery are: Dukes stage, tumor tissue type, and tumor infiltrating bowel circumference. Mastering the indications for sphincter preserving surgery and standardizing surgical requirements are important factors in preventing early recurrence.