目的了解无业及流动人口育龄妇女妇科疾病患病现状,为制定妇科疾病防控措施提供科学依据,全面推进计划生育生殖健康优质服务。方法对铜陵市无业及流动人口育龄妇女开展生殖健康检查和面对面问卷调查,妇科常见病诊断依据参照ICD-9及《妇产科学》(第七版)。相关影响因素采用单因素分析及多因素非条件Logistic回归分析。结果共调查2 699人,患妇科疾病1 981例,宫颈柱状上皮异位症、阴道炎、乳腺增生患病水平居前三位,发现宫颈癌1例。妇科疾病患病情况与文化程度、月经周期、避孕方式、分娩方式、初产年龄、生产次数以及引产次数等多种因素相关。结论调查对象中常见妇科病患病水平较高。 Objective To understand the prevalence of gynecological diseases among women of childbearing age in the unemployed and floating population and to provide a scientific basis for the development of prevention and control measures for gynecological diseases so as to promote the quality of reproductive health services in an all-round way. Methods Reproductive health examination and face-to-face questionnaire investigation were conducted on the women of childbearing age of unemployed and floating population in Tongling City. The diagnostic criteria for common diseases of gynecology refer to ICD-9 and Obstetrics and Gynecology (Seventh Edition). Relevant influencing factors were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate non-conditional Logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 2 699 people were surveyed, with 1 981 cases of gynecological diseases. Among the top three cases of cervical columnar epithelial dysplasia, vaginitis and breast hyperplasia, 1 case of cervical cancer was found. The prevalence of gynecological diseases and the degree of education, menstrual cycle, contraceptive methods, mode of delivery, the age of first birth, the number of production and induction of labor and other factors. Conclusion The prevalence of gynecological diseases in the surveyed subjects is high.