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表观遗传学在肿瘤发生发展中具有重要的作用,其中DNA甲基化被认为是肿瘤形成的重要机制之一。在肿瘤形成过程中,DNA甲基化的模式发生了巨大变化,包括整个基因组的去甲基化和部分区域高度甲基化两种现象。抑癌基因通常因高度甲基化而失活,这种基因沉默调控与体细胞突变共同促进了肿瘤的发展。目前对基因表达调控的研究加深了对基因沉默机制的理解,也为肿瘤发生机制研究及其早期诊断和潜在的治疗开辟新的方向。
Epigenetics plays an important role in tumorigenesis, in which DNA methylation is considered as one of the important mechanisms of tumor formation. In the process of tumorigenesis, the pattern of DNA methylation has undergone tremendous changes, including demethylation of the entire genome and partial hypermethylation. Tumor suppressor genes are usually inactivated due to a high degree of methylation. This gene silencing regulation and somatic mutation together promote tumor development. At present, the study of gene expression regulation deepens the understanding of gene silencing mechanism, and opens up a new direction for the study of tumor pathogenesis and its early diagnosis and potential treatment.