1978年之前,中国所有的企业清一色是公有制,私营经济几近空白。长期统包统销导致国企“缺乏生气,效率极为低下”。当时刚打开国门时,日本企业家对中国企业的描述是:中国只有工厂,没有企业。因为所有的工厂都是计划经济的一个单位,上面给什么指标,就怎么生产,国家定的什么价就按照多少价来收钱.而且很多工厂连独立核算都没有。 Before 1978, all the Chinese enterprises were owned by the public, and the private economy was almost empty. Long-term reunification led to state-owned enterprises unified marketing “lack of vitality, efficiency is extremely low ”. At the time just opened the door, Japanese entrepreneurs describe the Chinese business is: China has only factories, there is no business. Since all the factories are units of a planned economy, what are the indicators above, how much the country produces at what price to pay, and many factories do not even have independent accounting.