近10年来,上下气道变态反应性疾病的发病率逐年上升,过敏性鼻炎与哮喘的发生发展密切相关。目前认为遗传因素和环境因素可能是其主要病因。迄今为止,绝大多数人类和动物的研究数据都显示上下气道具有统一性,其与全身各系统有着广泛的联系。神经炎症在上下气道变态反应性疾病中亦起着重要作用,该文作者就近年来这方面的研究进展作一概述。 In recent 10 years, the incidence of upper and lower airway allergic diseases increased year by year, and allergic rhinitis is closely related to the occurrence and development of asthma. It is currently believed that genetic and environmental factors may be its main cause. To date, the vast majority of human and animal research data have shown that the upper and lower airways are uniform and that they have extensive links with systemic systems. Neuroinflammation also plays an important role in the upper and lower airway allergic diseases. The author of this article gives an overview of the research progress in this area in recent years.