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目的探索老年人卧床不起的危险因素。方法应用病例对照研究方法,对卧床不起和非卧床不起老年患者各121例,采用自制结构式问卷进行躯体、心理和社会因素调查。结果脑卒中、晚期恶性肿瘤、器官功能衰竭、高龄、老年性痴呆等疾病的相对危险度(OR值)分别为4,94、1．72、8．34、5．65、11．99。老年卧床不起患者抑郁(12．3)、焦虑评分(47．0)明显高于对照组(7．5和40．1,P=0．00);生活满意度评分(11．2)明显低于对照组(13．8,P=0．00);社会支持总分(38．4)、主观支持评分(20．7)和支持利用度评分(7．6)明显低于对照组(分别为42．7、23．2和8．4,P<0．01),而客观支持评分两组无差异(分别为10．1及11．1,P>0．05)。结论脑卒中、晚期恶性肿瘤、器官功能衰竭、高龄、老年性痴呆等是导致老年人卧床不起主要的躯体危险因素;抑郁、焦虑是老年卧床不起的心理危险因素;社会支持水平低下是老年卧床不起的社会危险因素。
Objective To explore the risk factors for bedridden elderly people. Methods A case-control study was conducted in 121 cases of bedridden and non-bedridden elderly patients and physical, psychological and social factors were investigated by self-made structured questionnaires. Results The relative risk (OR) of stroke, advanced malignant tumor, organ failure, advanced age and senile dementia were 4,94,1.72,8.34,5.65,11.99 respectively. Depression in elderly patients with bedridden (12.3), anxiety score (47.0) was significantly higher than the control group (7.5 and 40.1, P = 0.00); life satisfaction score (11.2) was significantly (13.8, P = 0.00). The scores of social support score (38.4), subjective support score (20.7) and support utilization score (7.6) were significantly lower than those of the control group Respectively, 42.7,23.2 and 8.4, P <0.01), while objective support scores were no difference between the two groups (10.1 and 11.1, P> 0.05). Conclusions Stroke, advanced malignant tumor, organ failure, senile dementia and so on are the main physical risk factors for bedridden elderly people. Depression and anxiety are the psychological risk factors for bedridden elderly people. The low level of social support is the elderly Bedridden social risk factors.