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目的探讨支气管结核的临床表现特征和诊治方法及治疗效果。方法分析经临床病理诊断的62例支气管结核患者的临床表现特征、诊断方法及不同治疗方法的临床效果。结果 62例支气管结核患病中女性多于男性(P<0.05),30-45岁的青中年是高发人群,临床表现主要包括咳嗽、咳血等症状,从患者发病到确诊为支气管结核所需时间较长。62例患者中,X线胸片确诊率为16%(10/62),支气管镜发现率为100%(62/62),活检阳性率为63%(39/62),刷片阳性率为24%(15/62),支气管镜检查总阳性率为87%(54/62),痰涂片阳性率为21%(13/62),总菌阳性率达到35%(22/62),活检、刷片和痰涂片总阳性率为90%(56/62)。随访42例中治愈率74%(31/42),好转率24%(10/42),3个月后痰菌转阴率为100%(42/42),未见复发病例。结论支气管结核患者无特异性相关临床表现,临床误诊和漏诊率均较高。支气管镜检查能提高支气管结核诊断率,减少误诊、漏诊,有利于提高患者疗效,可在临床推广应用。
Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations of bronchial tuberculosis and diagnosis and treatment methods and treatment effect. Methods The clinical features, diagnosis methods and clinical effects of different treatment methods were analyzed in 62 patients with bronchial tuberculosis diagnosed clinically and pathologically. Results 62 cases of bronchial tuberculosis in women than men (P <0.05), 30-45 years of young middle-aged population is high, the clinical manifestations include cough, hemoptysis and other symptoms, from the onset of the patient diagnosed as bronchial tuberculosis Take a longer time. Of the 62 patients, the diagnostic rate of X-ray was 16% (10/62), the rate of bronchoscopy was 100% (62/62), the positive rate of biopsy was 63% (39/62) The total positive rate of bronchoscopy was 87% (54/62), sputum smear positive rate was 21% (13/62), and the total positive rate of bacteria was 35% (22/62) The total positive rate of biopsy, brush and sputum smear was 90% (56/62). Follow-up 42 cases, the cure rate was 74% (31/42), the improvement rate of 24% (10/42), 3 months after the sputum negative conversion rate was 100% (42/42), no recurrence. Conclusion There is no specific clinical manifestation in patients with bronchial tuberculosis, and the rates of misdiagnosis and misdiagnosis are high. Bronchoscopy can improve the diagnostic rate of bronchial tuberculosis, reduce misdiagnosis, missed diagnosis, help to improve the efficacy of patients, can be popularized in clinical application.