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目的了解宜兴市中小学生伤害流行现状,为有关部门制定和实施预防和控制儿童伤害策略和措施提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,抽取宜兴市16所中小学校的17 536名中小学生作为调查对象,调查2015年9—11月伤害发生情况。结果中小学生伤害发生率为2.20%(386/17 536),男女生伤害发生比例为1.38∶1,性别差异有统计学意义(χ~2=6.035,P=0.01),各学段间伤害发生率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=134.784,P<0.05)。跌倒/坠落伤居伤害类型首位,发生率为1.20%;其余依次为动物致伤(0.29%)、交通事故(0.22%)、锐器伤(0.21%)、钝器伤(0.17%)、烧烫伤(0.09%)和窒息(0.02%)。发生地为学校的占36.79%,家中占34.45%,其他公共场所占28.76%。伤害发生时进行的活动,排在前4位的分别为玩耍娱乐(36.01%)、行走(25.13%)、体育运动(16.32%)、骑车(7.51%)。受伤后到急诊室或门诊就诊占37.05%,自行处理占35.23%,校医室就诊占20.21%,住院占4.15%,没有处理占3.37%。因伤害缺勤总天数为725 d,平均缺勤1.88 d。结论伤害已成为影响宜兴市中小学生健康的重要问题之一,采取有针对性的、科学的措施预防和控制伤害的发生显得尤为迫切。
Objective To understand the prevalence of injury among primary and secondary school students in Yixing and to provide a scientific basis for the relevant departments to formulate and implement strategies and measures to prevent and control child injury. Methods A multistage cluster random sampling method was used to select 17 536 primary and secondary school students from 16 primary and secondary schools in Yixing as the survey subjects to investigate the incidence of injuries in September-November 2015. Results The incidence of primary and secondary school injuries was 2.20% (386/17 536). The incidence of injuries among boys and girls was 1.38:1. There were significant differences in sex (χ ~ 2 = 6.035, P = 0.01) Rate difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 134.784, P <0.05). The incidence rate of fall injury was 1.20%, followed by animal injury (0.29%), traffic accident (0.22%), sharp injury (0.21%), blunt injury (0.17%), burning Scald (0.09%) and asphyxia (0.02%). Occurred for the school accounted for 36.79%, 34.45% at home, other public places accounted for 28.76%. Injuries occurred at the top four were entertainment (36.01%), walking (25.13%), sports (16.32%) and cycling (7.51%). 37.05% visited the emergency department or outpatient department after injury, accounting for 35.23% by themselves, 20.21% by medical school, 4.15% by hospitalization and 3.37% without treatment. The total absence due to injury was 725 days and the average absence was 1.88 days. Conclusion Injury has become one of the most important problems affecting the health of primary and secondary school students in Yixing City. It is particularly urgent to take targeted and scientific measures to prevent and control injuries.