鸦片因有镇痛作用而广泛应用于临床。鸦片生物碱有天然和合成两种,临床上应用较多的是鸦片及其制剂吗啡、可待因、杜冷丁和狄奥宁等。此类药物除镇痛外,可引起欣快、愉快感。其危险性在于很快成瘾,产生依赖。鸦片类生物碱很快吸收,分布于全身,仅小量达中枢神经系统,在肝内代谢,通过胆汁和尿排除。 Opium because of analgesic effect and widely used in clinical. There are two natural and synthetic opiate alkaloids. Most of the opioids are opiates and their preparations such as morphine, codeine, dolantin and Dionin. In addition to analgesia, these drugs can cause euphoria and pleasure. The danger is that it is quickly addicted and relies on it. Opioid alkaloids quickly absorbed and distributed throughout the body, only a small amount of the central nervous system, metabolism in the liver, through the bile and urine.