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三～四岁的儿童画出的人物形象,一个圆圈作头两条线作腿,这通常被称为“蝌蚪人”(见图3)。到四岁,儿童便开始把头和躯干区分开来,还会画上两只手臂。“蝌蚪人”是一种纯粹图解式(而不是姿态性)的描绘。这种图形的出现,说明儿童作画只是反映他们对某一事物的印象,而不是反映事物本身。“蝌蚪人”没有躯干和手臂,是由于儿童对人体各部分结构及其如何组成的知识缺乏了解所造成的。然而,英国布里斯托尔大学心理学家诺曼·弗里曼(Norman Freeman)对造成儿童这种典型遗漏的原因却采用了不同的学说来加以说明。我们都知
A character drawn from a three-year-old to a four-year-old draws the first two lines of a circle into a leg, often called a “tadpole” (see Figure 3). By the age of four, children begin to distinguish their heads from their torsos and draw two arms. “Tadpole” is a purely graphical (rather than gestational) depiction. The appearance of this figure shows that children’s paintings merely reflect their impression of something, not the thing itself. Tadpole people do not have torso and arms, due to children’s lack of understanding of the structure of the various parts of the body and its knowledge of the composition caused. However, Norman Freeman, a psychologist at the University of Bristol, has used a different doctrine to explain the causes of this typical omission of children. We all know