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荷兰功能语言学家Simon Dik的功能语法通过对小句结构及其功能关系的描写,揭示语言运用和语言结构之间的关系。功能语法区分了语言的三种功能:句法功能、语义功能和语用功能。功能语法的小句模式由三个成分组成:语库(fund)、底层小句结构(under- lying clause structure)和表达规则(expression rules)。语库提供的语言成分根据语义和句法特征构成抽象的底层小句结构,底层小句结构通过表达规则映现为实际的语句表达式。
The functional grammar of the Dutch functional linguist Simon Dik reveals the relationship between language use and language structure by describing the structure of the clause and its functional relationship. Functional grammar distinguishes three functions of language: syntactic function, semantic function and pragmatic function. The clause pattern of functional grammar consists of three components: the fund, the under-lying clause structure and the expression rules. The linguistic components provided by the corpus constitute the abstract lower-level clause structure according to the semantic and syntactic features. The lower-order clause structure is mapped to the actual statement expression through the expression rules.