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通过4年田间定位试验,研究均匀垄和宽窄行种植模式下秸秆不同还田方式对玉米产量、地上部养分累积的影响。结果表明,种植年份、种植方式和秸秆还田方式均对玉米产量影响显著。宽窄行种植模式下子粒产量较均匀垄种植模式下高5.4%;秸秆还田方式处理间以秸秆深翻还田处理下产量最高,较秸秆不还田处理和秸秆覆盖还田处理分别增幅5.3%和10.0%。在产量构成中,收获穗数是各处理间产量差异的主要因素。进一步分析表明,秸秆深翻还田处理下出苗率和成穗率均最高,且在部分年份处理间差异显著。秸秆深翻还田处理下植株生物量及氮磷累积量分别较秸秆覆盖还田处理增加8.9%、8.3%、19.6%,其子粒中氮累积量最高。研究表明,秸秆深翻还田可显著提高玉米田间保苗率与植株成穗率,显著增加植株对养分的吸收能力以及养分向子粒中的转运效率,进而促进植株生长与产量形成,实现玉米高产稳产。
Through four-year field experiment, the effects of different straw returning patterns on corn yield and above-ground nutrient accumulation under uniform ridge and width and breadth planting patterns were studied. The results showed that the planting year, planting methods and straw returning methods all had significant effects on maize yield. The grain yield in wide and narrow row planting mode was 5.4% higher than that in uniform ridge planting mode. The straw yield was the highest under straw-returning-straw treatment, which was 5.3% higher than straw returning and straw returning respectively. And 10.0%. In the composition of production, the number of ears harvested is the main factor for the differences in production among the treatments. Further analysis showed that the seedling emergence rate and the ear formation rate were the highest under deep-turning straw returning treatment, and there were significant differences among the treatments in some years. The plant biomass and nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation under deep straw re-entry treatment increased by 8.9%, 8.3% and 19.6%, respectively, compared with straw mulching and returning to the field, and the nitrogen accumulation in the grain was the highest. The results showed that straw deep plowing and returning to field could significantly increase seedling conservation rate and plant ear percentage in maize field, significantly increase plant nutrient uptake capacity and nutrient transfer efficiency to grain, and then promote plant growth and yield formation and achieve high and stable yield of corn .