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通过田间试验于烤烟打顶当天喷施不同小分子有机物(蔗糖、山梨醇、葡萄糖酸钠和甘氨酸),研究小分子有机物对上部叶叶片开展、生理特性、碳氮代谢、品质等指标的影响。结果表明:打顶后喷施小分子有机物能不同程度地促进上部烟叶开片,增大上部叶叶面积。相比于对照,小分子有机物可促进烤烟叶片抗氧化酶活性的提高;各处理不同时期烟叶中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性要显著大于对照,丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于对照;同时喷施小分子有机物可明显增加烟叶中叶绿素含量,然而只有甘氨酸处理的类胡萝卜素含量显著增加。各处理烟叶淀粉酶活性呈现先升高后降低的趋势,硝酸还原酶呈现逐渐降低的趋势。不同处理不同时期酶活性均高于对照,其中甘氨酸处理有效促进碳氮代谢,蔗糖和葡萄糖酸钠有助于碳代谢,山梨醇更有助于氮代谢。说明喷施不同小分子有机物能增强烟株碳氮代谢程度,但不同处理间表现不尽一致。喷施不同小分子有机物可提高烟叶中总糖、还原糖、钾含量和糖碱比、钾氯比,降低烟叶中总氮、烟碱、氯含量,说明各处理可有效改善叶片内在化学成分的协调性,提高烟叶品质。本试验条件下,甘氨酸处理促进烟株生长、增强酶促保护系统、促进碳氮代谢及改善烟叶品质方面的效果最佳。
In the field experiment, different small organic molecules (sucrose, sorbitol, sodium gluconate and glycine) were sprayed on the top of flue-cured tobacco to study the effect of small molecule organic substances on the development of upper leaves, physiological characteristics, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, quality and other indicators. The results showed that the application of small molecule organic matter after topping could promote the opening of upper leaves and increase the area of upper leaves to some extent. Compared with the control, small organic molecules could promote the antioxidant enzyme activity in flue-cured tobacco leaves. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in tobacco leaves at different treatment stages were significantly higher than those in control, MDA content was significantly lower than the control; while spraying small organic molecules can significantly increase the chlorophyll content of tobacco leaves, however, only glycine-treated carotenoid content increased significantly. The amylase activity of all treatments showed the trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing, the nitrate reductase showed a decreasing trend gradually. The activities of enzymes in different treatments were higher than those in the control. Glycine treatment could promote the metabolism of carbon and nitrogen, sucrose and sodium gluconate could contribute to carbon metabolism, and sorbitol was more helpful to nitrogen metabolism. The results showed that spraying different small molecules of organic compounds can enhance the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of tobacco plants, but the performance of different treatments is not consistent. Spraying different small organic compounds can increase the content of total sugar, reducing sugar, potassium and ratio of sugar to alkali and potassium to chlorine in tobacco leaves, and reduce the contents of total nitrogen, nicotine and chlorine in tobacco leaves, which indicated that all the treatments could effectively improve the internal chemical components of leaves Coordination and improve the quality of tobacco. Under the experimental conditions, glycine treatment has the best effect in promoting tobacco plant growth, enhancing enzymatic protection system, promoting carbon-nitrogen metabolism and improving tobacco quality.