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目的:调查国际抗震救援队战士在冬季适应性野营拉练时下肢运动生理及运动行为改变的情况。方法:选择28名国际抗震救援队战士,在单兵负荷15kg-20kg、4天行程约100km的冬季野营拉练中,分别于行军前、行军途中(第2天,累计行程约50km)、行军后即刻(第4天,累计行程约100km)及行军结束后(自然恢复)3天,采用多频生物电阻抗人体成分分析仪和闭眼单脚站立计、纵跳计,进行了下肢水分分布、闭眼单脚站立和纵跳的测试。结果:28名受试战士平均体重67.91kg±7.06kg;平均体脂百分比17,45%±2.25%。下肢的水分分布随行军路程的增加而增加,并显著地高于基线水平(p<0.05),行军后自然恢复3天时,受试战士下肢的水分分布仍处于较高水平,且显著高于基线水平(p<0.05)。结果表明,受试战士闭眼单脚站立能力随行军路程的增加呈略下降趋势,但无显著性差异(p>0.05),行军后自然恢复3天可恢复至基线水平;受试战士纵跳能力在行军途中(第2天,累计行程约50km)有显著下降(p<0.05),此后可逐渐恢复至基线水平。结论:国际抗震救援队战士身体素质及训练素质相对较高,本次冬季适应性野营拉练训练量掌握适度,因此,受试战士在训练中虽出现下肢水分分布增加的现象,但完成闭眼单脚站立和纵跳等下肢运动行为的能力依然较好。有关液体改变情况和下肢水分分布增加的结果提示在今后同类训练科目中应注意适当补充水分和电解质、采取早期干预的措施,有效地防止下肢肿胀现象。
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the physiological and behavioral changes of the lower extremities of the International Earthquake Relief Team soldiers in the winter adaptive camping. Methods: During the winter camping training with a single load of 15kg-20kg and a four-day trip of about 100km, 28 international earthquake relief team soldiers were selected before and after marching (on the second day, the accumulated journey was about 50km) Immediately (on the fourth day, a total of about 100km trip) and march after the end (natural recovery) for 3 days, using multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance body composition analyzer and closed eyes one foot standing meter, vertical jump meter, the lower limb water distribution, Eyes closed with one foot standing and vertical jump test. Results: The average weight of 28 soldiers tested 67.91kg ± 7.06kg; average body fat percentage of 17,45% ± 2.25%. The water distribution of lower extremities increased with the increase of march distance, and was significantly higher than the baseline level (p <0.05). After the natural recovery for 3 days after march, the water distribution of the lower extremities of the soldier was still at a high level and significantly higher than the baseline Level (p <0.05). The results showed that the standing ability of the soldier with eyes closed decreased slightly with the increase of marching distance, but there was no significant difference (p> 0.05) Capacity decreased significantly (p <0.05) on march (Day 2, cumulative journey of about 50km), and then gradually recovered to baseline level. Conclusion: The physical quality and training quality of international earthquake relief team are relatively high. The training amount of adaptive winter camping training is modest. Therefore, although the soldier has an increase in the water distribution of lower extremities, Leg standing and vertical jump and other lower extremity sports ability is still good. The results of liquid changes and the increase of lower limbs moisture distribution suggest that in the future training subjects should pay attention to proper replenishment of water and electrolytes, and take early intervention measures to effectively prevent lower limb swelling.