Surface Modification of Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Membranes by Low-Temperature Plasma with Graf

来源 :Plasma Science and Technology | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:oswaldhui
下载到本地 , 更方便阅读
声明 : 本文档内容版权归属内容提供方 , 如果您对本文有版权争议 , 可与客服联系进行内容授权或下架
论文部分内容阅读
In order to control the surface pore sizes of polyvinylidene fluoride membranes andtheir distribution,low temperature plasma-induced grafting modifications of PVDF were studiedto prepare hydrophobe membranes.By argon(Ar)treating and subsequent grafting reaction,ahydrophobe monomer,styrene,was introduced into the PVDF membrane.Fourier transform in-frared attenuated total reflection(FTIR-ATR)was utilized to characterize the chemical and physi-cal changes in the Ar plasma modified membrane.The surface modifications of PVDF membraneswere investigated by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),atomic force microscopy(AFM)and differential scanning calorimeter(DSC).The water permeability and the solute rejection weremeasured by PVDF membrane modified in different graft conditions.Results demonstrated thatthe pores in the modified membranes get smaller and the distribution of pores gets narrowedwith the increase in grafting reaction duration.Longer graft time caused the water flux of PVDFmembrane to decrease from 578 kg/(m~2·h)to 23 kg/(m~2·h)and the solute rejection to increasefrom 73% to 92%. In order to control the surface pore sizes of polyvinylidene fluoride membranes and the distribution of low temperature plasma-induced grafting modifications of PVDF were studied to prepare hydrophobe membranes. By argon (Ar) treating and subsequent grafting reaction, ahydrophobe monomer, styrene, was introduced into the PVDF membrane. Fourier transform in-frared attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) was utilized to characterize the chemical and physi-cal changes in the Ar plasma modified membrane. The surface modifications of PVDF membranes were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), . The water permeability and the solute rejection were measurable by PVDF membrane modified in different graft conditions. Results that the pores in the modified membranes get smaller and the distribution of pores gets narrowed with the increase in grafting reaction duration. Longer graft time caused the water flux of PVDF megabytes ane to decrease from 578 kg / (m ~ 2 · h) to 23 kg / (m ~ 2 · h) and the solute rejection to increase from 73% to 92%.
其他文献
新课程改革,提倡学生的主体地位,让学生成为课堂的主人。而教师则要改变以往填鸭式教学,发挥其主导作用。初中历史课堂中提问的有效性,是教师充分发挥其主导作用的最重要的方法之一。教师一个恰当的提问可以激发学生的探究兴趣,活跃和发展学生的思维,加深学生对知识的理解和掌握。教师一个恰当的提问还可加强师生的有效互动,让教学顺利有效地进行。然而,现阶段初中历史课堂的提问还存在着许多问题,现发表一下我个人之愚见。
语文课实施素质教育,激发学生学习兴趣,培养学生阅读能力,提高学生写作能力,就能全面提高学生语文素质。 The implementation of quality education in Chinese class, to s
听觉脑干反应(ABR)目前已在听力学、神经学、新生儿学和麻醉学方面得到广泛的研究。为了提高 ABR 在临床诊断中的重要性,确定 ABR 波形参数的正常范围是极为重要的。虽然各
The adsorption and diffusion of hydrogen atom on open rough Pd(311) and Ni(311) stepped surface were inves- tigated in detail using 5-parameter Morse Potential
目的 探讨环状韧带成形术治疗儿童陈旧孟氏骨折的疗效。方法 将前壁伸肌腱附丽从肱骨外髁处剥下充分暴露肘关节前外侧关节囊。在桡骨头复位后 ,将肱骨小头前方关节囊做瓣式
目前,由于抗生素在临床的广泛应用,耳中毒的发生率逐年增高,给患者造成极大的痛苦,已成为主要致聋的原因之一,并直接影响儿童的学习及成人的工作、生产。本刊特请有关专家,就
1 两段提升管催化裂化工艺研发成功 2 灵活多效催化裂化工艺工业化试验成功 3 催化汽油多种降烯烃新技术投用 4 生产清洁汽油的MIP工艺实现工业化 5 中压加氢裂化技术成功投
近日,副省长苏森与省计委主任罗朝阳、省统计局局长薛政等向国家发展改革委员会副主任姜伟新同志专题汇报了青海统计信息工程项目和前期准备工作。姜伟新副主任听取汇报后建
初中数学在学生的学习课程中地位非常重要,我们必须加以重视。培养学生浓厚的学习兴趣对学好数学是非常必要的。初中生学好数学不仅对其以后的生活和学习有很大的影响,也关系
182Hf is a very important nuclide in many fields; its content is very low. AMS is a kind of relativemeasurement with high sensitivity (isotopic ratio is about 1