遗传的三个基本规律是高中生物的重点和难点。用遗传规律去解释各种遗传现象或用遗传现象去印证遗传规律,所用的方法都是有性杂交实验法。这种方法都必须经过由亲本个体产生配子,再由雌雄配子结合发育成子代个体这个过程。所以分析亲本个体产生什么类型的配子以及雌雄配子如何结合,关系到判断子代基因型和表现型的正确性。但是,在教学实践中,相当一部分同学在学习遗传规律之后,不知道配子基因型的写法,不知道亲本个体产生哪几种类型的配子以及配子如何结合等等,因此他们往往不能正确地图解和解释遗传现象。这就要求教师加强这方面的基础知识的传授和基础练习,使同学们逐步理解、掌握。 一、配子基因型的表示法: 由于在个体中,一种性状一般受一对等位基因控制,所以在个体中一种性状用两个字母来表示它的基因型,二种性状用四个字母表示,其余照此类推。而 The three basic laws of genetics are the focus and difficulties of high school biology. Genetic laws are used to explain various genetic phenomena or genetic phenomena to confirm genetic laws. The methods used are sexual hybridization experiments. This method must go through the process of producing gametes from the parent individuals and then combining the male and female gametes to develop into offspring individuals. Therefore, analyzing the type of gametes produced by the parent individuals and how the male and female gametes are combined is related to the correctness of determining the offspring’s genotype and phenotype. However, in the teaching practice, a considerable number of students do not know the gamete genotypes after learning the genetic laws, do not know what types of gametes the parent individuals produce, and how the gametes are combined, and so they often cannot correctly understand and Explain the genetic phenomenon. This requires teachers to strengthen the basic knowledge and basic exercises in this area, so that the students gradually understand and master. First, the representation of gamete genotypes: Since in an individual, a trait is generally controlled by a pair of alleles, a trait in an individual is represented by two letters for its genotype, and two traits are used for four. The letters are shown, and the rest is analogous. and