论文部分内容阅读
目的了解烟台市售即食生食水产品中致病菌的污染状况,分析其概率分布特征,为烟台市生食水产品中致病菌的膳食风险评价和监管提供依据。方法采用随机采样方法,2010-2014年每年的4-12月份对烟台市5区的部分餐饮单位、大型超市的7类282份生食水产品采样,依据GB4789相关规定,进行副溶血弧菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门菌、单增李斯特菌、大肠杆菌O157:H7的检测,@Risk5.5软件进行数据拟合。结果 2010-2014年烟台市售生食水产品中存在副溶血弧菌和单增李斯特菌的污染,总体污染率分别为20.57%、1.77%。腹足类、棘皮类、贝类、甲壳类、鱼类、头足类和其他类等7类生食水产品中均有副溶血弧菌的污染,污染率分别为38.89%、25.00%、23.65%、20.00%、16.67%、6.67%、5.00%,各类间比较,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=11.45,P=0.075)。@Risk拟合结果表明VP总体概率分布为正态分布,棘皮类、头足类和海肠、海蜇概率分布为常规贝塔分布;贝类为极值分布,腹足类为均匀分布,甲壳类为逻辑斯谛分布,鱼类为辛普森分布。4-12月份样本均存在副溶血弧菌的污染,7-9月份污染水平最高(33.02%),与4-6月份(16.09%)和10-12月(10.11%)相比,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=17.08,P=0.00020)。4-6月份和10-12月份VP污染值概率分为辛普森分布;7-9月份则为指数分布。流通环节产品中副溶血弧菌的污染率(22.58%)与餐饮环节(19.58%)比较,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.34,P=0.56);餐饮环节中小型餐馆的样本污染率(42.86%)高于中型(21.05%)和大型餐馆(16.39%),各类间差异有统计学意义(χ~2=21.28,P=0.000092),拟合污染数值的概率分布各不相同。结论 2010-2014年烟台市售即食生食水产品主要存在副溶血性弧菌的污染,污染值概率分布呈现多样化特征。建议从原料、贮运以及加工环节溯源、构建和实施HACCP管理体系,保障其卫生质量。
Objective To understand the pollution status of pathogenic bacteria in the ready-to-eat raw food aquatic products in Yantai and to analyze the probability distribution characteristics of the products, which may provide the basis for the dietary risk assessment and supervision of the pathogens in the raw seafood of Yantai City. Methods A random sampling method was used to sample 282 kinds of raw aquatic products of 7 kinds of 282 kinds of 7 kinds of 282 kinds of 7 kinds of fish in some catering units in 5 districts of Yantai city from April to December in 2010-2014 according to the relevant regulations of GB4789. Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli O157: H7, and @ Risk 5.5 software. Results From 2010 to 2014, there was contamination of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Listeria monocytogenes in the raw seafood from Yantai City. The overall pollution rates were 20.57% and 1.77% respectively. Seven species of raw aquatic products such as gastropods, echinoderms, shellfish, crustaceans, fishes, cephalopods and other species all had the contamination of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, with the contamination rates of 38.89%, 25.00% and 23.65% , 20.00%, 16.67%, 6.67% and 5.00%, respectively. There was no significant difference between them (χ ~ 2 = 11.45, P = 0.075). @Risk fitting results showed that the overall probability distribution of VP was normal distribution, echinoderm, cephalopod and sausage, jellyfish probability distribution of the regular beta distribution; shellfish extreme distribution, gastropod was uniform distribution, crustaceans Logistic distribution, fish Simpsons distribution. The contamination of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was found in the samples from April to December, with the highest level of contamination in July-September (33.02%). Compared with that in April-June (16.09%) and October-December (10.11%), Significance (χ ~ 2 = 17.08, P = 0.00020). The probability of VP pollution value in April-June and October-December is divided into Simpson distribution; July-September is exponential distribution. The contamination rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in circulation products (22.58%) was not significantly different from that in catering (19.58%) (χ ~ 2 = 0.34, P = 0.56) (42.86%) was higher than that of medium-sized (21.05%) and large-scale restaurants (16.39%). There was significant difference among all kinds (χ ~ 2 = 21.28, P = 0.000092). Conclusion The main raw materials of live aquatic products in Yantai from 2010 to 2014 were the contamination of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and the distribution of pollution probability showed diversified characteristics. Proposed from the raw materials, storage and processing aspects of traceability, construction and implementation of HACCP management system to protect their health quality.