卡介苗是一种经过人工培养的无毒牛型结核杆菌悬液制成的减毒活疫苗。经过70余年在世界各地的应用证明,它是预防和控制结核病的有效预防制剂之一,特别是对结核性脑膜炎、粟粒性结核有较好的预防效果[1]。在我国,自1982年卫生部规定新生儿出生后3个月内完成卡介苗的接种实施以来,很大程度上有效地遏制了结核病的发生与流行。然而卡介苗接 Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a live attenuated vaccine made from a suspension of human-cultured, non-toxic bovine Mycobacterium tuberculosis. After more than 70 years of application in various parts of the world, it is one of the effective preventive agents for the prevention and control of tuberculosis, especially for the prevention of tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis [1]. In our country, since the implementation of BCG vaccination by the Ministry of Health in 1982, within 3 months after the birth of a newborn child, the incidence and prevalence of tuberculosis have been effectively checked. However, BCG access