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【目的】利用表皮碳氢化合物进行昆虫鉴定是目前昆虫分类学中非常活跃的研究方向之一。昆虫表皮碳氢化合物的液体浸提及进样技术是GC-MS常规的进样方法之一,随着现代技术的发展,固体进样也被广泛地用于昆虫表皮碳氢化合物的鉴定及昆虫的分类与进化分析。本研究探索利用固体进样法开展实蝇表皮碳氢化合物的提取与分析,探索并获得简便可行的取样与进样技术,为检疫性实蝇的快速鉴定提供新方法。【方法】以桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)成虫为材料,采用固体进样与液体浸提进样方法,开展实蝇表皮碳氢化合物组成成分鉴定与分析;比较获得桔小实蝇成虫取样部位,并分析标本保存时间对桔小实蝇表皮碳氢化合物组成的影响。【结果】利用固体进样技术获得的桔小实蝇翅表皮碳氢化合物种类(39)较液体进样的(36)略多,且翅和中足的表皮碳氢化合物含量分别为0.18~23.37和0.03~4.13 ng/μg,极显著地高于用液体进样法检测到相同部位的化合物含量(分别为0.05~3.93和0.01~0.68 ng/μg)(P<0.01),而且前者的检测灵敏度是后者的1.7~10.8倍;同时,翅样品的表皮碳氢化合物含量显著地高于足中的含量(P<0.01)。利用固体进样获得的桔小实蝇成虫翅、足或胸部的表皮碳氢化合物图谱与对照处理所得图谱相似。干燥保存30 d的桔小实蝇翅的碳氢化合物的种类及含量与新鲜标本(保存0 d)无显著性差异(P>0.05);但保存30,60和150 d标本的碳氢化合物存在显著差异(P<0.05),主要是含量的差异。【结论】研究表明,利用固体进样检测昆虫表皮碳氢化合物的灵敏度较高,而且桔小实蝇成虫的主要表皮碳氢化合物种类较稳定,因此可以作为我国口岸检疫性实蝇表皮碳氢化合物获取与分析的一种新方法,而且检测中翅是固体进样的较合适取样部位。
【Objective】 Identification of insects using epidermal hydrocarbons is one of the most active research directions in insect taxonomy. Liquid extraction and injection of insect epidermal hydrocarbons is one of the conventional GC-MS injection methods. With the development of modern technology, solid injection has also been widely used to identify insect epidermal hydrocarbons and insects Classification and evolutionary analysis. This study explored the extraction and analysis of solid epidermal hydrocarbons using solid injection method, explored and obtained simple and feasible sampling and injection techniques, and provided a new method for the rapid identification of quarantine fruit flies. 【Method】 The adults of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) were used as samples to identify and analyze the constituents of epidermis of the fruit fly by solid and liquid extraction methods. The adults of the fruit fly were sampled Site, and analyze the influence of specimen preservation time on the composition of epidermal hydrocarbons in the fruit fly. 【Result】 The results showed that the epidermal hydrocarbon species (39) obtained by solid sample injection was slightly more than that of the liquid sample (36), and the epidermal HC content in the fin and midfoot were 0.18 ~ 23.37 And 0.03 ~ 4.13 ng / μg, respectively, were significantly higher than those detected by liquid injection (0.05 ~ 3.93 and 0.01 ~ 0.68 ng / μg, respectively) (P <0.01), and the former detection sensitivity Which is 1.7-10.8 times that of the latter. At the same time, the epidermal hydrocarbon content of the wing samples is significantly higher than that in the foot (P <0.01). The skin epidermal hydrocarbon profile of the adult fruit wing, foot or chest obtained from solid sampling was similar to that obtained from the control treatment. There was no significant difference (P> 0.05) in the types and contents of hydrocarbons in the dry-stored 30-day-old Dictyostegia ficus. Compared with the fresh samples (stored for 0 d), the hydrocarbons in the preserved 30, 60 and 150 d Significant difference (P <0.05), mainly the content of the difference. 【Conclusion】 The results show that the sensitivity of using solid injection to detect insect epidermal hydrocarbons is high, and the main epidermal hydrocarbon species of Bombyx mori adults is relatively stable. Therefore, it can be used as the epidermal hydrocarbon A new method of acquisition and analysis, and the detection of the wing is a solid sampling of the more appropriate sampling sites.