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本文赞许和解读了洪德元院士在2016年以“三个‘哪些’:植物园的使命”为题而提出的植物园引种收集了哪些、培育开发了哪些和挽救了哪些的“三个哪些”的重要见解。笔者认为,从20世纪80年代以来,我国植物园已从约110个发展至约200个,收集、保存了占我国2/3区系成分的约20,000种植物,远高于世界2,000多个植物园所保存的约1/3的世界种类。在这种情况下,笔者认为我国植物园在今后的一定时期内,与其追求保护植物的数量,不如在资源有限的情况下侧重和优先收集、保存具有重要科研、经济或文化价值种类中已受严重威胁的种类;另一方面,要切实加强对它们的有效保护研究,以解决30多年来植物园新增的和死亡的国家重点保护植物种数相当(各约80%)的状况。对于国家而言,我们希望政府有关部门要进一步重视那些具有保护功能的植物园的科学布局,切实解决好在我国植物多样性越丰富、生态环境越独特的地方植物园越少或空白的问题,而且要在洪院士所提出的“三个哪些”基础上,进一步重视和支持植物园开展植物有效保护的科学研究。
This article praises and interprets the collection of botanical gardens proposed by academicians Hong Deyuan in 2016 entitled “Which of the Three”: The Botanical Garden’s Mission ?, which cultivated and developed the “Three Which” Important insights. The author believes that from the 1980s onwards, China’s botanical garden has grown from about 110 to about 200, collecting and preserving about 2/3 of the composition of about 20,000 species of plants, much higher than the world’s more than 2,000 botanical gardens About 1/3 of the world’s preserved species. Under such circumstances, the author believes that it is better for the Botanical Garden of our country to focus on and prioritize the collection and preservation of plants that have important scientific research, economic or cultural values rather than to pursue the protection of plants for a certain period in the future. On the other hand, it is necessary to earnestly strengthen the study of their effective protection so as to solve the situation of equivalent (about 80% each) of the state’s key protected plants newly added and dead in the Botanic Gardens over the past 30 years. For the country, we hope relevant government departments should pay more attention to the scientific layout of those botanical gardens with protection functions and effectively solve the problem of less or no gaps in the botanical gardens in our country with more plant diversity and unique ecological environment, Based on the “three” proposed by Professor Hong, further emphasis is placed on and support for botanical gardens in scientific research on the effective protection of plants.