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[目的]明确在水稻秸秆全量还田的条件下,不同时期施肥在提高小麦产量中的贡献大小。[方法]共设7个试验处理,研究在稻秆全量还田的条件下不同时期施肥和不同运筹施肥比例对小麦的茎孽动态和产量结构的影响。[结果]各处理的小麦基本苗差别不大,返青苗、高峰苗和有效穗数均明显高于对照;各处理的小麦株高、穗长和穗数均高于对照;与对照相比,各处理的增产率为76.8%~146.5%。[结论]总氮量为300 kg/hm~2,基肥占60%,不施分蘖肥或少施分蘖肥,穗肥占40%为最优施肥方案。
[Objective] The research aimed to clarify the contribution of fertilization in increasing wheat yield under the condition of full returning of straw to rice. [Method] A total of seven experimental treatments were conducted to study the effects of fertilization at different periods on the dynamics and yield structure of wheat under different conditions of rice straw returning to full field. [Result] The results showed that there was not much difference in the basic seedlings of all wheat treatments, and the number of returning young seedling, the peak seedling and the effective panicle were significantly higher than those of the control. The height, the spike length and the number of spikes of wheat in each treatment were higher than those in the control. The yield of each treatment was 76.8% ~ 146.5%. [Conclusion] The optimum nitrogen application rate was 300 kg / hm ~ 2, 60% basal fertilizer, no tillering or less tillering fertilizer, and 40% spike fertilizer.