有人说,中国的改革在很大程度上是从负面推进的。如首开中国改革之风的安徽凤阳的农民活不下去了,冒政治的风险而展开分田到户、包产到户的活动。这一壮举实在是无奈的选择,后来却被誉为明智的创造。这里,我们且不说中国贫穷的农民是否有远大的抱负和睿智的目光,是否有宏伟的魄力和超凡的技巧,我们只由这一历史话题来重新思索现实的国企改革、市场经济体制的建立和未来企业的走向。 中国的国企改革,也是在经济效益连年下降,亏损量、亏损面逐年扩大,不少企业生产经营困难,处于停产半停产,负债沉重,几乎难以生存的情况下开始的。(同一时期,中国的乡镇企业、民营企业和“三资企业”在飞速地发展,尤其是在国企经营困难的领域,如餐饮、饲料、科技等领域。)从80年代中期的把“包”字引进城市综合经济体制改革中的“承包经营责任制”到90年代的 Some people say that China's reform is to a large extent advancing negatively. For example, peasants in Fengyang, Anhui Province, which took the lead in reforming China, could not survive any further. Taking the risk of politics, they started activities ranging from farmland to households and from household to household. This feat is really helpless choice, but later known as the wise to create. Here, we will not say whether the poor peasants in China have lofty aspirations and wise eyes. Whether this is a grandiose courage and a superb skill, we only rethink the realistic state-owned enterprise reform and the establishment of a market economy system from this historical topic And the future direction of the business. The reform of state-owned enterprises in China started in the next few years with economic benefits declining, losses and losses expanding year by year, and difficulties in production and operation of many enterprises. (In the same period, China's township and village enterprises, private enterprises and “three-funded enterprises” are developing rapidly, especially in the areas where state-owned enterprises are in difficulty, such as catering, feed, science and technology.) From the mid- The word introduction of the city's comprehensive economic system reform in the “contract management responsibility system” to the 90's