在蒙田的思想中,一个人作为公民,他的第一个美德就是服从。但是当这个人作为思想者时,他的美德就不再是服从而是怀疑的能力。这些悖谬或分裂的精神性格同时发生在蒙田一个人身上。人要履行社会的职责,但是这个与我们的私人生活是分开的。换句话说,思想是私人的事,社会不得干预。思想与心灵是完全自由的。要是整个社会都是私人的,这就形成了一种建立在个人主义基础上的自由主义政治理想。对外保持服从,对内保持思想独立。 In Montaigne’s thought, one’s first virtue as a citizen is obedience. But when this person is a thinker, his virtue is no longer obedient but suspicious. These absurd or divisive spiritual traits happen to Montaigne alone. People have to fulfill their social responsibilities, but this is separate from our private life. In other words, thinking is a private matter and society can not intervene. Mind and soul are completely free. If the whole society is private, this creates a liberal political ideal based on individualism. Keep obedience to the outside world and maintain internal independence of thought.