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Objective: To examine whether transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defect(ASD) with the Amplatzer septal occluder leads to more myocardial injury in children than in adults. Design: In a prospective study with children and adults cardiac troponin I(cTnl) serum concentrations were determined by immunoassay(AxSYM, Abbott Laboratories) before, during, and up to 20 months after surgical or transcatheter ASD closure. Patients: Four groups of patients were studied: transcatheter ASD closure(group 1: 22 children, age range 3.26-14.7 years; group 2: 22 adults, 18.0-67.3 years), surgical ASD closure(group 3:18 children, 3.12-13.5 years), and diagnostic catheterisation(group 4: 12 children, 2.68-15.0 years). Results: cTnl concentrations were significantly increased after occluder implantation with higher serum concentrations in children than in adults(immediately after implantation: group 1, 3.2(4.4)-μg/l; group 2, 1.1(4.2) μg/l; four hours after implantation: group 1, 4.8(5.0) μg/l; group 2, 1.7(2.3) μg/l; both p< 0.01, group 1 v group 2; one day after implantation: group 1, 3.0(5.7) μg/l; group 2, 2.2(5.2) μg/l) but were less than 20%of those after surgical ASD closure(group 3; p< 0.001) where the highest cTnl concentration was found(37.1(26.3) μg/l). Diagnostic catheterisation(group 4) was not associated with detectable cTnl increase. From the cTnl concentrations the total amount of cTnl released after ASD closure was estimated for each patient. This was dependent on the size of the occluder(p< 0.05) but not on the patient’s age or procedural duration. Conclusion: In regard to interventional ASD closure our data do not provide evidence that the child’s myocardium is more vulnerable. Transcatheter ASD closure induces minor myocardial lesion, the extent of which depends on the size of the Amplatzer septal occluder but is irrespective of the patient’s age.