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目的了解山东省2004年甲型病毒性肝炎(甲肝)发病情况和流行因素,为制订防制措施提供依据。方法对法定传染病报告系统报告的甲肝病例进行描述流行病学分析,通过个案调查对监测系统报告的甲肝病例进行爆发分析和流行因素分析。结果山东省2004年甲肝发病季节性不明显,各市均有病例报告,30~55岁病例为主,2起爆发病例均为<15岁儿童。爆发病例和散发病例甲肝疫苗接种率分别为13.64%和14.04%。甲肝病例诊断至报告为0~281d,3.61%的病例在诊断1个月后报告。结论山东省2004年甲肝流行病学特征类似低流行地区,学校和托幼机构是控制甲肝爆发的重点;加强甲肝疫苗接种,提高甲肝监测工作质量是目前防制甲肝的主要措施。
Objective To understand the incidence and epidemic factors of hepatitis A virus in Shandong Province in 2004 and provide basis for making prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis of hepatitis A cases reported by the notifiable infectious disease reporting system was carried out. Outbreak analysis and epidemiological analysis of hepatitis A cases reported by monitoring system were carried out through case studies. Results The incidence of hepatitis A in 2004 was not obvious in Shandong Province. Cases were reported in all cities, with cases of 30-55 years old. The two cases were all children <15 years old. Hepatitis A vaccine outbreaks and sporadic cases were 13.64% and 14.04% respectively. Hepatitis A cases were diagnosed to 0 ~ 281d, 3.61% of the cases were reported after 1 month of diagnosis. Conclusion The epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis A in Shandong Province in 2004 are similar to those in areas with low prevalence. Schools and nurseries are the key points to control the outbreak of hepatitis A. Strengthening hepatitis A vaccination and improving the quality of hepatitis A monitoring are the main measures to prevent and control hepatitis.