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目的了解2006—2011年广州市儿童少年流行性腮腺炎流行特征,为制定儿童少年腮腺炎的预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学分析法,对2006—2011年广州市儿童少年腮腺炎发病及暴发情况进行分析。结果 2006—2011年广州市儿童少年发生腮腺炎21 088例,年平均发病率为215.61/10万,其中2006年报告发病率最高,2007年发病率最低,分别为312.64/10万和146.93/10万;2008—2011年发病率有上升的趋势。男生流行性腮腺炎的年平均发病率(284.12/10万)比女生(144.83/10万)高,差异有统计学意义(χ2=2 195.044,P=0.000),5岁组为发病高峰(731.93/10万),之后随年龄增长发病率逐渐下降,15～19岁组发病率下降幅度较大。该病全年各月均有发病,5—8月为高发季节,占总病例数的48.10%;7月达到发病高峰,占总病例数的14.69%。结论广州市儿童少年腮腺炎发病率较高,小学生为腮腺炎监测和防控重点人群,应提高腮腺炎疫苗的接种率,加强集体单位儿童的疫情监测和传染源的管理,及时开展应急接种。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in children and adolescents in Guangzhou from 2006 to 2011 and to provide a scientific basis for the development of prevention and control strategies for mumps in children and adolescents. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze the incidence and outbreak of mumps in children and adolescents in Guangzhou from 2006 to 2011. Results A total of 21 088 mumps cases were reported among children and adolescents in Guangzhou from 2006 to 2011, with an average annual incidence of 215.61 / 100 000. Among them, the highest incidence was reported in 2006 and the lowest was in 2007 (312.64 / 100,000 and 146.93 / 10 respectively) Million; 2008-2011 the incidence rate is on the rise. The average annual incidence of mumps in boys was 284.12 / 100 000, higher than that of girls (144.83 / 100 000), the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 2 195.044, P = 0.000). The incidence of mumps was the highest in age 5 (731.93 / 100000), then with the gradual decline in the incidence of age, 15 to 19-year-old group a greater decline in the incidence rate. The disease incidence all months of the year, May-August is the high season, accounting for 48.10% of the total number of cases; peaked in July, accounting for 14.69% of the total number of cases. Conclusions The incidence of mumps in children and adolescents in Guangzhou is relatively high. Pupils should be monitored and controlled for key students. Mumps vaccination rate should be increased. Surveillance of infectious diseases and source of infection should be strengthened in emergency units. Emergency vaccination should be conducted in time.