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目的了解深圳市宝石加工作坊工作场所噪声危害状况。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,以深圳市某村40家宝石加工作坊的226名从事职业性噪声作业的工人为接触组,另选择当地其他小工厂中非职业性噪声接触的160名作业工人为对照组,分别进行现场职业卫生调查和作业工人职业健康检查。结果宝石加工作坊工作场所噪声超标率为14.61%(32/219)。不同工作岗位噪声超标率从高到低依次为切石、打孔、打磨、雕刻、抛光和其他岗位(P<0.05),其中切石岗位噪声超标最为严重,超标率为31.43%,8 h等效声级最高达到97.2 dB(A)。接触组作业工人职业健康检查总异常检出率高于对照组(42.48%vs 26.25%,P<0.05);接触组作业工人听力异常检出5人,均为噪声接触职业禁忌证;接触组作业工人心电图异常检出率高于对照组(9.73%vs 3.75%,P<0.05)。宝石加工作坊作业工人个人防护用品配置率低且使用不规范。结论宝石加工作坊工作场所存在一定程度的噪声危害,个人防护措施难以落实到位,应加强其噪声危害的防治控制。
Objective To understand the noise hazard status of the workplace of the gems workshop in Shenzhen. Methods Using stratified random sampling method, 226 workers who engaged in occupational noise work in 40 gems workshop in a certain village of Shenzhen were selected as the contact group. Another 160 workers who were exposed to non-occupational noise in other small factories in the local area were Control group, respectively, on-site occupational health surveys and occupational health checks of workers. Results In the workplace of gemstone processing workshops, the exceeding rate of noise was 14.61% (32/219). The noise exceeding rates in different job positions were cut, punched, polished, engraved, polished and other jobs in sequence from high to low (P <0.05). Among them, the noise in the cutting station was the most serious, exceeding the standard rate by 31.43% Up to 97.2 dB (A). Occupational health check-up workers in the contact group were higher than those in the control group (42.48% vs 26.25%, P <0.05). Five workers were found to be hearing-impaired in the contact group, which were all noise exposure contraindications. The detection rate of abnormal electrocardiogram in workers was higher than that in control group (9.73% vs 3.75%, P <0.05). Precious stone processing workshops workers personal protective equipment configuration rate is low and the use of non-standard. Conclusion There is a certain degree of noise hazard in the workplace of gem processing workshop, and it is difficult to put personal protective measures into place. Therefore, prevention and control of noise hazards should be strengthened.