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以红壤和黑土肥力与肥料效益监测站土壤为研究对象,研究了长期(21年)不同施肥(不施肥对照、施用氮磷钾、氮磷钾配施有机肥)处理下,表层(0~20 cm)和亚表层(20~40 cm)土壤硫素形态组成、分布及演变规律.结果表明:长期施用化肥及化肥配施有机肥处理下,表层土壤全硫比对照分别增加42%、33%(红壤)和6%、76%(黑土);除红壤氮磷钾处理外,亚表层土壤全硫受施肥影响较小,且明显低于相应表层土壤.有效硫和盐酸可提取态硫分别为红壤和黑土中的主要无机硫形态.施用化肥及化肥配施有机肥的红壤表层有效硫比对照分别增加了447%和102%,并促进了有效硫向亚表层的迁移、累积;而施用化肥及化肥配施有机肥处理的黑土表层有效硫仅比对照分别增加54%和93%,其对亚表层土壤有效硫的影响也不大.有机硫形态在两种土壤中都以酯键硫和残渣态硫为主.长期施肥影响下的表层和亚表层土壤中残渣态硫含量比对照分别增加了32%和55%以上;土壤中性质相对活跃的酯键硫和碳键硫受施肥影响不显著,而与土壤有机碳含量呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05).此外,长期施肥试验表明大气硫沉降对土壤硫素输入的影响值得重视.
Taking the soil of red soil and black soil fertility and fertilizer benefit monitoring stations as research objects, the effects of long-term (21 years) fertilization (no fertilization and contrast, NPK and NPK combined with organic fertilizer) cm and subsoil 20-40 cm.The results showed that under long-term application of chemical fertilizers and chemical fertilizers combined with organic manure, total sulfur content of surface soil increased by 42% and 33% respectively compared with the control, (Red soil) and 6% and 76% (black soil), respectively.The total sulfur content of subsurface soil was less affected by fertilization than that of NPK soil, and was significantly lower than that of the corresponding topsoil.The effective sulfur and hydrochloric acid extractable sulfur were The main forms of inorganic sulfur in red soil and black soil were as follows: the available sulfur in surface soil increased by 447% and 102%, respectively, compared with the control, and the migration and accumulation of available sulfur to subsurface layer were promoted. And the available sulfur in the surface of black soil treated with chemical fertilizer was only 54% and 93% more than that of the control, respectively, and had little effect on the available sulfur in subsurface soils. Residue sulfur mainly dominated by long-term fertilization under the surface and sub The content of residual sulfur in the soil layer increased by 32% and 55% respectively compared with the control. The ester bond sulfur and carbon bond sulfur with relatively active properties in the soil were not significantly affected by fertilization but positively correlated with the soil organic carbon content P <0.05) .In addition, long-term fertilization experiments show that the impact of atmospheric sulfur deposition on soil sulfur inputs deserves attention.