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地震波场数值模拟不仅是研究复杂地区地震资料采集、处理和解释的有效辅助手段,而且是研究地球深部精细构造和地球深部探测的有效工具.射线理论和波动方程理论是地震波场数值模拟的理论基础.射线理论主要刻画地震波在介质中传播的走时场、地震射线等运动学属性;波动方程理论通过求解波动方程来描述地震波在介质中传播的弹性动力学响应(能量衰减、相位特征、偏振属性、以及全波形等).基于波动方程理论的波场数值模拟由于能够引入丰富的波场信息,使得人们对不同介质中地震波的传播过程有了较全面的了解.本文以二维层状均匀介质模型为例,通过射线追踪法和交错网格有限差分法模拟得到的波场快照图、单炮地震记录剖面、合成理论地震图的分析比较,不但对地震波在各向同性层状均匀介质中的传播规律和特点有了深刻的理解和认识,同时又可以相互验证两种不同方法的正确性和有效性.
Seismic wave field numerical simulation is not only an effective tool to study the seismic data acquisition, processing and interpretation in complex areas, but also an effective tool to study the deep fine structure in earth and deep earth exploration. The theory of ray and wave equation is the theoretical basis of numerical simulation of seismic wave field Radiation theory mainly describes the kinematic properties of seismic waves such as traveltime field, seismic ray and so on which propagate in the medium. The wave equation theory describes the elastic dynamic response of seismic waves propagating through the medium by solving the wave equation (energy attenuation, phase characteristics, polarization property, As well as full waveforms, etc.) Wavefield numerical simulation based on wave equation theory can introduce a wide range of wavefield information, so that people have a more comprehensive understanding of the seismic wave propagation in different media.In this paper, two-dimensional layered homogeneous medium model As an example, the comparison and analysis of wavefield snapshots, single shot seismograms and synthetic seismograms simulated by ray tracing and staggered grid finite difference methods not only make it possible to propagate seismic waves in an isotropic layered homogeneous medium Laws and characteristics have a profound understanding and awareness, at the same time You can verify the correctness and validity of each of two different methods.