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笔者在认真领会新课标精神和“考纲”要求的前提下,从学生的实际出发,整理编选了如下初中阶段学生易混词语,并将它们有意识地放于一句话中,以使其意思形成鲜明的对比,用法区别一目了然,易于掌握｡
1. Though the climate of China is mild, the weather here is too hot in summer.
辨析: climate意为“气候”,指一个地区气候的总情况,如气温､降雨等｡weather意为“天气”,指一天或某些时节的天气的具体情况,如阴､晴､冷､暖等｡
2. My house was burned in the city, so my family had to build a new one as our home.
辨析: house一般指居住的建筑物｡family主要指“家庭､家人､家庭成员”,与居住的房子无关｡home指出生或居住的地方,房屋是其中一部分,因而有“家乡､故乡”的含义｡
3. Thanks to the heavy rain I missed the first bus, but thanks for your help, I got there on time at last.
辨析: thanks for用于表示感谢,此时thanks可换为thank you｡thanks to 意为“多亏,由于”,相当于because of,表示原因｡
4. The question is that he has a new problem.
辨析: question多指需回答的问题､一般问题或易解决的问题｡problem着重指客观存在的亟待解决的“问题､困难､麻烦”;物理､数学等学科计算题,一般用problem｡
5.He went there in 1996, and got a good job the next year;he will be back next year.
辨析: next year指“明年”,常用于将来时句中｡the next year 指从过去或将来某时算起的第二年或次年｡
6. He received the present, but I don’t think he accepted it.
辨析: receive表示客观上“收到”的动作和事实｡accept指主观上接受,它体现当事人的态度｡
7. The nurse allowed him to go there and let him read though it was not permitted.
辨析: allow表示语意较弱;let表“允许”,语意最弱,它的宾语补足语中的动词必须是原形;permit语气较allow强,表示有一定的权威性,含有“认可”､“批准”的意思｡
8. We beat their team and won first place.
辨析: beat表示在“战斗､比赛中”的“赢”,后常接人或团体｡win作为及物动词时,其宾语只能为victory､war､比赛项目､名次､奖品等｡
9. He hit the man with a stone and struck him some heavy blows until he beat him black and blue.
辨析: hit意为“打中”､“击中”､“撞上”,表示“有目标地打”｡strike表示突然地､一次性地“打击”｡beat表示“连续地拍打”､“殴打”或“击败”｡
10. I believe him, and I also believe in him.我相信他说的话,我也信任他｡
辨析: believe意为“相信某人所说的话”｡believe in 意为“信任(人的品质等)”､“信奉(宗教､信仰等)”｡
11. This room can contain 70 people. Now all the teachers, including the headmaster, are having a meeting.这个房间能容纳70人｡现在所有的老师,包括校长,都在开会｡
辨析: contain意为“包含”､“容纳”,侧重指容器的装下或成分上的含有｡include指数目､帐目等的“包括､包含､算在内”｡
12. He discovered a new use of bikes, therefore he invented a new machine.他发现了自行车的新用途,因此发明了一种新机器｡
辨析: discover意为“发现､找到”,发现的对象原来就存在｡invent 意为“发明､创造”,发明创造的东西原先不存在｡
13. We are divided into three groups and should be separated for the present. 我们被分成了三组,而且要暂时分开｡
辨析: divide指把一个整体分为几个小部分｡separate指“离别”､“分开”､“隔开”｡
14. He finished writing the book yesterday;the task has been completed at last.他于昨天写完了这本书,这项任务终于完成了｡
辨析: finish为一般用语,用得比较广泛,后常加名词或动名词作宾语｡complete是较正式的用语,一般用于一个计划､工程､事业､理想等的完成｡
15. What will happen there? A school sports will take place next week.那儿将发生什么事?下周要举办校运动会｡
辨析: happen主要指碰巧发生的事,“发生”带有一定的偶然性｡take place的“发生”主要指经过安排的或事先准备好的“发生”｡
16. Though you haven’t joined the League, you can take part in the League’s party and join in us. 你虽未入团,但这次你可以参加团聚会和我们一起玩｡
辨析: join 多指参加某组织,并成为其中的一员｡join in 表示参加某种活动｡take
part in 指参加会议或群众性活动,重在说明主语参加活动并在活动中发挥作用｡
17.I don’t know him well. I only know of him. I also want to know more about him too. 我对他不太了解,我只听说过他,我也想更多地了解他｡
辨析: know表示“认识;知道;了解;明白”,强调了解整体情况｡know of意为“了解”,侧重于不详细的情况｡know about是“知道有;听说过”的意思,相当于hear of,表示间接了解｡
18. I forgot to take the book;I left it at your home. 我忘了把书拿走,我把它忘在你家了｡
辨析: leave在表示“忘记”时,其后常加表地点的词语｡forget本意虽为“忘记”或“遗忘”,但不能同表示地点的词语连用｡
19. My sister was looking for the school bag, but she couldn’t find it.我妹妹正在找书包,但是没找到｡
辨析: look for 意为“寻找”,强调“找”的过程｡find 意为“找到;发现”,强调找的结果｡另外,find out侧重指通过思考､分析､理解､询问“弄清楚”或“查明”一件事,后常接宾语从句｡
20. You look unhappy today. It seems that you are ill. 你今天看上去不高兴,似乎生病了｡
辨析: look 侧重于由视觉得出的印象｡seem 也有“好像;看起来”之意,但往往有一定的判断依据,这种判断往往接近于事实｡
21. Someone is raising the flag, so it is rising slowly.有人在升旗,旗在徐徐地上升｡
辨析: raise 一般作及物动词,常指人为地“增加;上涨;升上去”等,也能指人的“生长;长大”｡rise一般作不及物动词,为自然地“上升;上涨”｡
22. They wanted to search for the lost car, so they searched the town.他们想寻找丢失的车,所以搜查了全镇｡
辨析: search 作及物动词时,它的宾语一般是被搜查的处所｡searchfor 是“寻找”的意思,它的宾语是想要找的人或物｡
23. We are all surprised at the surprising news;it really surprised us greatly.我们都对这条奇闻感到惊讶,它真让我们大吃一惊｡
辨析: surprise作及物动词时后接人作宾语,意为“(事物)使人惊奇/震惊”｡surprised一般作表语,它的主语往往是人,意为“(人)对……感到吃惊”｡ surprising 一般作定语,指“(事物)令人吃惊的”｡
24. They all left but he didn’t , so he was alone and felt a little lonely. 他们都离开了,而他没有,因此他孤单一人,感觉有些孤独｡
辨析: alone强调客观上“独自地;独立地;单独一人地”,在句中可作表语或状语｡lonely强调人的主观感觉,意为“孤独的,寂寞的”,也可用于修饰地点,此时意为“荒凉的;偏僻的”｡
25. That common morning he came earlier than usual, for it was not an ordinary day.那个普通的早晨他来得比平常早,因为那天不是一个寻常的日子｡
辨析: common意为“通常的､常见的”,强调经常发生､司空见惯或不特别,也可指“共同的､共存的”意思｡ ordinary意为“普通的､平常的､平凡的”,强调等级或类属方面普通,有“平庸无奇”之意｡
26. I visited him three days ago, but he had gone to London six days before. 我三天前去拜访他,可他六天前就去了伦敦｡
辨析: ago指从现在算起到过去的某一段时间,句中的谓语动词用一般过去时｡before常指从过去某一段时间算起的前一段时间,句中动词多用完成时态,也可泛指“以前”,与完成时或过去时连用｡
27. When someone knocked loudly at the window, they didn’t talk so loud and they pretended to be reading aloud. 当有人用力敲窗户时,他们就不会大声说话了,而是假装在高声读书｡
辨析: loudly为副词,意为“高声地”,但更多地含有“喧闹”的意味,多指令人讨厌的声音｡loud 作形容词时,意为“响亮的”,可作定语或表语;作副词时意为“高声地､响亮地”｡read与aloud连用,表示大声地朗读｡
28. This is the most beautiful flower, and it mostly opens in spring. 这是最漂亮的花,它大都在春天盛开｡
辨析: most修饰名词时,意为“大多数”,“大部分”;most前有定冠词时,可用来修饰多音节形容词,表示最高级,意为“最”,但是如果most前有不定冠词a时,则表示“很”､“非常”,相当于very ｡ mostly只能作副词,意为“大多数地”､“主要地”,强调数的概念｡
29. Wang Ping jumped the highest in the school sports meeting, and Mr Li spoke highly of him. 在校运会上,王平跳得最高,李老师对他大加赞扬｡
辨析: high多表示具体的“高”｡highly意为“高度地､非常地”,常用于指代抽象意义上的“高”｡
30. If you walk across the bridge and through the forest, then jump over a ditch, you will find my house. 如果你走过这座桥,穿过这片森林,然后跳过一条小沟,你就能找到我家｡
辨析: across强调从一定范围的一边到另一边｡through表示动作是在某一空间内部进行的,意为“穿过”｡over用作“穿过､通过”时,表示到达高的障碍物的另一侧｡
1. Though the climate of China is mild, the weather here is too hot in summer.
辨析: climate意为“气候”,指一个地区气候的总情况,如气温､降雨等｡weather意为“天气”,指一天或某些时节的天气的具体情况,如阴､晴､冷､暖等｡
2. My house was burned in the city, so my family had to build a new one as our home.
辨析: house一般指居住的建筑物｡family主要指“家庭､家人､家庭成员”,与居住的房子无关｡home指出生或居住的地方,房屋是其中一部分,因而有“家乡､故乡”的含义｡
3. Thanks to the heavy rain I missed the first bus, but thanks for your help, I got there on time at last.
辨析: thanks for用于表示感谢,此时thanks可换为thank you｡thanks to 意为“多亏,由于”,相当于because of,表示原因｡
4. The question is that he has a new problem.
辨析: question多指需回答的问题､一般问题或易解决的问题｡problem着重指客观存在的亟待解决的“问题､困难､麻烦”;物理､数学等学科计算题,一般用problem｡
5.He went there in 1996, and got a good job the next year;he will be back next year.
辨析: next year指“明年”,常用于将来时句中｡the next year 指从过去或将来某时算起的第二年或次年｡
6. He received the present, but I don’t think he accepted it.
辨析: receive表示客观上“收到”的动作和事实｡accept指主观上接受,它体现当事人的态度｡
7. The nurse allowed him to go there and let him read though it was not permitted.
辨析: allow表示语意较弱;let表“允许”,语意最弱,它的宾语补足语中的动词必须是原形;permit语气较allow强,表示有一定的权威性,含有“认可”､“批准”的意思｡
8. We beat their team and won first place.
辨析: beat表示在“战斗､比赛中”的“赢”,后常接人或团体｡win作为及物动词时,其宾语只能为victory､war､比赛项目､名次､奖品等｡
9. He hit the man with a stone and struck him some heavy blows until he beat him black and blue.
辨析: hit意为“打中”､“击中”､“撞上”,表示“有目标地打”｡strike表示突然地､一次性地“打击”｡beat表示“连续地拍打”､“殴打”或“击败”｡
10. I believe him, and I also believe in him.我相信他说的话,我也信任他｡
辨析: believe意为“相信某人所说的话”｡believe in 意为“信任(人的品质等)”､“信奉(宗教､信仰等)”｡
11. This room can contain 70 people. Now all the teachers, including the headmaster, are having a meeting.这个房间能容纳70人｡现在所有的老师,包括校长,都在开会｡
辨析: contain意为“包含”､“容纳”,侧重指容器的装下或成分上的含有｡include指数目､帐目等的“包括､包含､算在内”｡
12. He discovered a new use of bikes, therefore he invented a new machine.他发现了自行车的新用途,因此发明了一种新机器｡
辨析: discover意为“发现､找到”,发现的对象原来就存在｡invent 意为“发明､创造”,发明创造的东西原先不存在｡
13. We are divided into three groups and should be separated for the present. 我们被分成了三组,而且要暂时分开｡
辨析: divide指把一个整体分为几个小部分｡separate指“离别”､“分开”､“隔开”｡
14. He finished writing the book yesterday;the task has been completed at last.他于昨天写完了这本书,这项任务终于完成了｡
辨析: finish为一般用语,用得比较广泛,后常加名词或动名词作宾语｡complete是较正式的用语,一般用于一个计划､工程､事业､理想等的完成｡
15. What will happen there? A school sports will take place next week.那儿将发生什么事?下周要举办校运动会｡
辨析: happen主要指碰巧发生的事,“发生”带有一定的偶然性｡take place的“发生”主要指经过安排的或事先准备好的“发生”｡
16. Though you haven’t joined the League, you can take part in the League’s party and join in us. 你虽未入团,但这次你可以参加团聚会和我们一起玩｡
辨析: join 多指参加某组织,并成为其中的一员｡join in 表示参加某种活动｡take
part in 指参加会议或群众性活动,重在说明主语参加活动并在活动中发挥作用｡
17.I don’t know him well. I only know of him. I also want to know more about him too. 我对他不太了解,我只听说过他,我也想更多地了解他｡
辨析: know表示“认识;知道;了解;明白”,强调了解整体情况｡know of意为“了解”,侧重于不详细的情况｡know about是“知道有;听说过”的意思,相当于hear of,表示间接了解｡
18. I forgot to take the book;I left it at your home. 我忘了把书拿走,我把它忘在你家了｡
辨析: leave在表示“忘记”时,其后常加表地点的词语｡forget本意虽为“忘记”或“遗忘”,但不能同表示地点的词语连用｡
19. My sister was looking for the school bag, but she couldn’t find it.我妹妹正在找书包,但是没找到｡
辨析: look for 意为“寻找”,强调“找”的过程｡find 意为“找到;发现”,强调找的结果｡另外,find out侧重指通过思考､分析､理解､询问“弄清楚”或“查明”一件事,后常接宾语从句｡
20. You look unhappy today. It seems that you are ill. 你今天看上去不高兴,似乎生病了｡
辨析: look 侧重于由视觉得出的印象｡seem 也有“好像;看起来”之意,但往往有一定的判断依据,这种判断往往接近于事实｡
21. Someone is raising the flag, so it is rising slowly.有人在升旗,旗在徐徐地上升｡
辨析: raise 一般作及物动词,常指人为地“增加;上涨;升上去”等,也能指人的“生长;长大”｡rise一般作不及物动词,为自然地“上升;上涨”｡
22. They wanted to search for the lost car, so they searched the town.他们想寻找丢失的车,所以搜查了全镇｡
辨析: search 作及物动词时,它的宾语一般是被搜查的处所｡searchfor 是“寻找”的意思,它的宾语是想要找的人或物｡
23. We are all surprised at the surprising news;it really surprised us greatly.我们都对这条奇闻感到惊讶,它真让我们大吃一惊｡
辨析: surprise作及物动词时后接人作宾语,意为“(事物)使人惊奇/震惊”｡surprised一般作表语,它的主语往往是人,意为“(人)对……感到吃惊”｡ surprising 一般作定语,指“(事物)令人吃惊的”｡
24. They all left but he didn’t , so he was alone and felt a little lonely. 他们都离开了,而他没有,因此他孤单一人,感觉有些孤独｡
辨析: alone强调客观上“独自地;独立地;单独一人地”,在句中可作表语或状语｡lonely强调人的主观感觉,意为“孤独的,寂寞的”,也可用于修饰地点,此时意为“荒凉的;偏僻的”｡
25. That common morning he came earlier than usual, for it was not an ordinary day.那个普通的早晨他来得比平常早,因为那天不是一个寻常的日子｡
辨析: common意为“通常的､常见的”,强调经常发生､司空见惯或不特别,也可指“共同的､共存的”意思｡ ordinary意为“普通的､平常的､平凡的”,强调等级或类属方面普通,有“平庸无奇”之意｡
26. I visited him three days ago, but he had gone to London six days before. 我三天前去拜访他,可他六天前就去了伦敦｡
辨析: ago指从现在算起到过去的某一段时间,句中的谓语动词用一般过去时｡before常指从过去某一段时间算起的前一段时间,句中动词多用完成时态,也可泛指“以前”,与完成时或过去时连用｡
27. When someone knocked loudly at the window, they didn’t talk so loud and they pretended to be reading aloud. 当有人用力敲窗户时,他们就不会大声说话了,而是假装在高声读书｡
辨析: loudly为副词,意为“高声地”,但更多地含有“喧闹”的意味,多指令人讨厌的声音｡loud 作形容词时,意为“响亮的”,可作定语或表语;作副词时意为“高声地､响亮地”｡read与aloud连用,表示大声地朗读｡
28. This is the most beautiful flower, and it mostly opens in spring. 这是最漂亮的花,它大都在春天盛开｡
辨析: most修饰名词时,意为“大多数”,“大部分”;most前有定冠词时,可用来修饰多音节形容词,表示最高级,意为“最”,但是如果most前有不定冠词a时,则表示“很”､“非常”,相当于very ｡ mostly只能作副词,意为“大多数地”､“主要地”,强调数的概念｡
29. Wang Ping jumped the highest in the school sports meeting, and Mr Li spoke highly of him. 在校运会上,王平跳得最高,李老师对他大加赞扬｡
辨析: high多表示具体的“高”｡highly意为“高度地､非常地”,常用于指代抽象意义上的“高”｡
30. If you walk across the bridge and through the forest, then jump over a ditch, you will find my house. 如果你走过这座桥,穿过这片森林,然后跳过一条小沟,你就能找到我家｡
辨析: across强调从一定范围的一边到另一边｡through表示动作是在某一空间内部进行的,意为“穿过”｡over用作“穿过､通过”时,表示到达高的障碍物的另一侧｡