细胞学筛查技术在宫颈病变及宫颈癌的防治中起着举足轻重的作用。从传统的巴氏涂片发展到现今以液基细胞学(liquid-based cytology,LBC)技术为基础的伯塞斯达诊断系统(the bethesda system,TBS),宫颈病变的检出率得到了明显的提高,宫颈癌的死亡率也大大降低。全球宫颈癌总体的发病率与死亡率虽然有所下降,但在欠发达国家和地区,由于资源、技术和人才的缺乏,其发病率与死亡率仍比发达国家高许多,少数地区甚至有上升趋势,以细胞学筛查技术为首的筛查模式遇到了发展的瓶颈期。细胞学筛查作为宫颈病变“三阶梯”筛查模式第一阶梯,仍然起着至关重要的作用。LBC技术是目前最优化的细胞学筛查技术,但TBS技术在中国大陆的应用因细胞病理学医师奇缺,而仍存在“不确定性、不稳定性、不标准性”等缺憾,宫颈病变及宫颈癌的防治工作仍任重道远。本文将综述目前细胞学筛查技术在中国大陆应用现状及局限性,并对该技术未来的发展进行讨论。 Cytology screening technology plays a decisive role in the prevention and treatment of cervical lesions and cervical cancer. From the development of traditional Pap smear to the current Bethesda system (TBS) based on liquid-based cytology (LBC), the detection rate of cervical lesions has been obviously The increase in cervical cancer mortality is also greatly reduced. Although the overall morbidity and mortality rate of cervical cancer in the world have declined, the incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer in the less developed countries and regions are still much higher than those in developed countries due to the lack of resources, technologies and talents, and even in some areas Trend, the screening mode led by cytology screening technology has encountered a bottleneck of development. Cytological screening as the first step in cervical lesions “three-step” screening model still plays a crucial role. LBC technology is currently the most optimized cytological screening technology, but the application of TBS technology in mainland China is still lacking due to the lack of cytopathology physicians, but there are still some shortcomings such as “uncertainty, instability and nonstandardness” Cervical lesions and prevention and treatment of cervical cancer is still a long way to go. This article reviews the current status and limitations of cytological screening technology in mainland China and discusses the future development of this technology.