组织系统理论由美国著名管理学家切斯特·巴纳德创立。在巴纳德看来,管理理论的中心问题是对“组织”的研究。他的后继者西蒙进一步指出:“所谓管理,就是如何形成和经营组织的问题。”巴纳德认为,经营者的职能及其管理过程,只是组织整体职能的一个部分。组织是一个协作的系统,它是由不同的人组成的,维持组织平衡的关键是要搞清楚组织的本质是什么,人在组织中是怎样行动的。关于组织的本质,巴纳德提出了一个与前人迥 Organizational system theory by the famous American management scientist Chester Barnard was founded. In Barnard’s view, the central issue of management theory is the study of “organization ”. His successor, Simon, further pointed out: “The so-called management is the problem of how to form and run an organization.” Barnard believes that the functions of managers and their management processes are only part of the organization’s overall function. Organization is a collaborative system, which is composed of different people. The key to maintaining the balance of the organization is to understand what the nature of the organization is and how people behave in the organization. With regard to the nature of the organization, Barnard proposed a different from his predecessors