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选取京尼平苷、龙胆苦苷、獐牙菜苦苷、梓醇四种天然环烯醚萜,通过简单的结构修饰获得相应的衍生物,并考察它们与最简单的含伯胺基化合物———甲胺的呈色反应性能,通过紫外-可见光谱(UV-vis)分析它们所形成色素的颜色与其结构之间的关系。结果表明:(1)采用β-葡萄糖苷酶对京尼平苷酸进行水解,可以得到相应的苷元;但按照同样的方法处理梓醇,却得不到相应的苷元;通过苷交换的方法处理龙胆苦苷和獐牙菜苦苷,都可以的到相应的目标产物——甲基龙胆苦苷苷元和甲基獐牙菜苦苷苷元,但是用同样的方法处理梓醇,却得不到甲基梓醇苷元。这可能是由于梓醇特殊的结构引起的。(2)甲基龙胆苦苷苷元与甲基獐牙菜苦苷苷元的结构相似,它们与甲胺反应生成色素颜色也相似,都是亮黄色。但是,京尼平与京尼平苷酸苷元的结构也很相似,但是二者与甲胺反应生成色素的差别很大,前者是蓝黑色,后者是紫红色。这说明,环烯醚萜骨架上取代基的位置对呈色性能影响很大。
Four kinds of natural iridoids, such as geniposid, gentiopicroside, swertiarin and catalpol, were selected and their corresponding derivatives were obtained by simple structural modification. The color reaction of methylamine was studied. The relationship between the color of the pigment and its structure was analyzed by UV-vis. The results showed as follows: (1) The corresponding aglycon was obtained by hydrolysis of geniposidic acid with β-glucosidase; however, the corresponding aglycon was not obtained when the catalpol was treated according to the same method; Methods of processing gentiopicroside and swertia glycosides, are available to the corresponding target product - methyl gentiopicroside and methyl swertin aglycone, but in the same way catalpol treatment , But not methyl methyl glycoside aglycone. This may be due to the special structure of catalpol. (2) Methyl gentioside aglycone has the similar structure with methyl swefafide glycoside aglycone, and they react with methylamine to form pigment colors which are similar to each other and are bright yellow. However, the structures of genipin and geniposidicin are also very similar, but the difference between the two is that they react with methylamine to produce pigments, the former being blue-black and the latter being purplish red. This shows that the position of the substituents on the iridoid skeleton has a great influence on the coloring property.