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植物在进化过程中形成了对外界不同类型胁迫的适应和抵抗能力,如对病原菌的防卫反应。苔藓类植物是陆生植物早期登陆的代表,其中的小立碗藓单倍体的配子体时期在其生活史中占主导地位,并且具有较高的同源重组率,其基因组核酸序列测定已完成,这便于研究在病原菌胁迫下防卫相关基因的功能,因此小立碗藓是植物基因功能研究的理想试验材料。现概述了病原菌如何侵入到植物中和被病原菌感染后小立碗藓的防卫反应。这些防卫反应包括细胞壁的加厚、过氧化物质的产生、细胞程序性死亡、防御相关基因的活化以及与防御相关的次生代谢物和激素的合成等。通过了解小立碗藓植株与病原菌之间的互作关系,确定小立碗藓防卫机制及陆生植物在登陆早期的抗病机理。
Plants evolved in the process of forming different types of stress on the outside world adaptation and resistance, such as the pathogen defense response. Mosses are early land-based representatives of terrestrial plants, of which the gametophyte phase of Physcomitrella patens predominates in their life history and has a high homologous recombination rate, and the determination of the genomic nucleic acid sequence has been completed , Which makes it easy to study the defense-related genes' function under the stress of pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, Physcomitrella patens is an ideal test material for plant gene function research. An overview of how pathogens invade plants and defense responses of Physcomitrella patens to pathogen infection is outlined. These defensive responses include thickening of the cell wall, production of peroxides, apoptosis, defense-related gene activation and defense-related secondary metabolites and hormone synthesis. By understanding the interaction between Physcomitrella patens and pathogenic bacteria, the mechanism of defensive mechanism of Physcomitrella patens and the disease resistance mechanism of terrestrial plants in the early stage of landed were determined.